Language Learning and Teaching Processes

Question 1

correlation between cognition and language is especially strong in the first __ years of life

Answer 1

2

Question 2

4 principles of cognitive learning that also apply to language acquisition

Answer 2

1) attending to stimuli selectively, not all
2) discriminating stimuli (a diff than b)
3) memory
4) classification

Question 3

children learn by forming ____ and testing them

Answer 3

hypotheses

Question 4

two types of knowledge that help with language acquisition

Answer 4

1) event-based
2) taxonomic

Question 5

From 0-2 years, comprehension is _____-dependent

Answer 5

context

Question 6

On average, children are able to understand ____ words before they can produce __

Answer 6

50; 10

Question 7

another name for language comprehension is ___

Answer 7

reception

Question 8

another word for language production is ___

Answer 8

expression

Question 9

Three principles we think toddlers use for language reception

Answer 9

1) REFERENCE - a word refers to a thing
2) EXTENDABILITY - words can be extended
3) WHOLE-OBJECT - word means the whole thing, not a part

Question 10

4 expressive strategies for toddlers

Answer 10

1) making statements and waiting for feedback
2) testing hypothesis
3) asking directly
4) imitation

Question 11

verbal routine used in everyday conversation; don’t necessarily understand, but knows what phrase does

Answer 11

Formula

Question 12

learning language process where preschooler uses what they know to decode more mature language

Answer 12

Bootstrapping

Question 13

what are seven universal language learning principles for children?

Answer 13

1) ENDS ARE IMPORTANT
2) MODIFICATION IS OK
3) WORD ORDER IS IMPORTANT
4) USE PREDICTABLE PATTERNS
5) USE CLEAR SEMANTICS
6) AVOID EXCEPTIONS TO RULES
7) GRAMMATICAL MARKERS SHOULD BE MEANINGFUL

Question 14

Child-directed speech most effective from months ___-___

Answer 14

18-21