Grammar Flashcards
Change transitive verbs from ___ to ___ voice by switching the object and the subject, or two ___ phrases
active; passive; noun
Transitive verbs can be __or ___, and take __ __
active; passive; direct objects
Intransitive verbs cannot be ___ and don’t take ___
passive; direct objects
followed by something that supports the verb (ie she is a doctor)
Stative verbs
usually the only verbs that can be inverted with subject to form questions or have negative forms attached (ie are you running the race, I can’t help you)
Auxiliary verbs
a type of verb, of which the most common is “be,” that joins the subject of the verb with a complement/adjective (ie you SMELL good)
copula
what is the easiest type of verb for kids to learn?
intransitive
when kids first learn these, they often say them without a direct object
transitive
Units within sentences made up of these three
words, phrases, clauses
group of related words that doesn’t have subject AND predicate
phrase
group of words with both subject AND predicate, possible to be a complete sentence on its own
clause
what the subject is doing and its associate descriptions. Basically, anything that’s not the subject of a sentence
Predicate
two or more main clauses joined as equals make a
compound sentence
To link main clauses together using conjunctions
conjoining/coordinating
clause that can’t be sentence on own, functions as noun, adjective or adverb to main clause
Subordinate clause
at least one main clause + subordinate clause makes a
Complex sentence
looks like a verb but functions as a noun
Gerund
word that functions as a description where action is happening, ie under, around, down, inside
preposition
verb-derived word ending in -ing, -ed, -t, -en, some irregular forms, and serves as adjective
participle
to + verb makes an
infinitive
four types of phrases that aren’t verb or noun phrases
1) prepositional
2) participle
3) gerund
4) infinitive
this type of phrase describes where the action is happening
prepositional phrase
this type of phrase serves only as an adjective
participle
this type of phrase serves only as a noun (not a noun phrase)
gerund
this type of phrase can serve as a noun, adjective or adverb
infinitive
Three main types of tags
-Y/N response
-Begin with wh- word and have more complex answer
-Those that expect an agreement tag
In inverted forms of questions, the __ __, __ or __ is flipped to be before the subject
auxiliary verb, copula, “do”
three primary types of subordinate clauses
1) nominal
2) relative
3) adverbial
what does a nominal subordinate clause function as?
the object of the main clause
what does the relative subordinate clause do?
follows and attaches to a noun
what does the adverbial subordinate clause function as?
adverb
getting rid of some common elements in a compound sentence for the sake of eliminating redundancy
phrasal coordination
word that takes place of a noun in a sentence
pronoun
the three articles of the English language are
a, an and the
work that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun
adjective
a word that modifies or describes a verb
adverb
works in combination with noun/pronoun to create phrases that modify verbs, nouns/pronouns or adjectives
preposition`
Words classified by these 3 things
function, meaning and position in a sentence
words or larger units with noun subject + verb or predicate
sentence
used as noun substitute or verb modifier
predicate
part of a sentence that expands it and adds meaning to other words
Modifier
what are the three basic parts of a sentence?
subject, verb/predicate and object
two examples of modifiers
adjective, adverb
is a verb that specifically links the subject to a compliment
copula
___ usually end in -ly
adverb
Describes spatial, temporal or directional meaning
prepositional phrase
what is the difference between and independent and dependent clause?
independent can stand on its own as a sentence, dependent cannot
If you run into a preposition in the wild, how you tell if it’s part of a dependent clause as a conjunction or part of a prepositional phrase?
Only noun = prep phrase
Noun + verb = dependent clause
Conjunctions that work with compound sentences
FANBOYS
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
2+ independent clauses and 1+ dependent clauses =
Compound-Complex Sentence
When an auxiliary verb is the only verb, it becomes a __
copula
joins two independent clauses with help of comma
Coordinating conjunctions
joins independent and dependent clause
Subordinating conjunction
