Early Language Development Flashcards
In order for a first word to count, it needs these three traits
Similar to adult word
Word used consistently
Word used in presence of referent
After a first word is uttered, it is still intermixed with prelinguistics like these three
jargon, babbling, gestures
when first learning words, children prefer to use this category of consonants (____), as well as these four specific consonants
Stops, /h/, /m/, /n/, /w/
single-word that convey communicative intention (ie request, answer, direct)
Holophrases
these two types of words are produced first
nouns and verbs
what three types of words come after nouns and verbs?
Pronouns
Articles
Preposition
what are the three hypothesis for the point of reference children use to form concepts in their brains?
1) semantic-feature
2) functional-core
3) associative complex/prototypic complex
In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of their sensory experience of an object
semantic-feature
In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of what the object is used for or how it moves
functional-core
In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of how similar it is to a prototype of an object in their heads
associative complex and prototypic complex
what is the term for a child’s ability to quickly learn a new word because of an experience with its referent?
fast mapping
when a child’s meaning of a word is too broad (ie using cow for all farm animals)
Overextension
three types of overextension
overinclusion
analogical
predicate statements
in this type of overextension, one word is used to label items of same category (ie using cow for all farm animals)
overinclusion
in this type of overextension, one word is used to label items with perceptual similarity (ie all round things are pizza)
Analogical
in this type of overextension, one word is used for all things in an event (ie using key for all things involving unlocking a door)
predicate statements
when a child’s meaning for a word is too narrow (ie “dog” only refers to my dog)
Underextension
Two factors that influence early vocabulary
environment (does the word appear in envi)
difficulty of word (more difficult words not present usually)
When working with new language users, what structures of words (C and V combos) are easiest?
VC, CV and CVCV
Once a child reaches the ___th word, lexical growth accelerates
50
association of word sounds and meaning is called
auditory map
link between perception and production is called
articulatory map
what are four processes children use to simplify and produce adult words?
1) reduplicate
2) diminutive
3) consonant cluster reduction
4) weak syllable deletion
process of simplifying adult language by repeating syllables
reduplication
process of simplifying adult language by adding /i/ at end of word
diminutive
process of simplifying adult language by simplifying a series of consonants
consonant cluster reduction
process of simplifying adult language by getting rid of deemphasized syllables
weak syllable deletion
what are four traits a typical 2-year-old has when it comes to pragmatics
-Initiation and maintenance of topic
-Requesting information
-Predicting and describing states and qualities
-Assumes more responsibility in interaction
what marks beginning of language structure/syntax
Two-word combos
Three hypothesis on how children make multi-word utterances
1) word combos
2) pivot schemas
3) item-based constructions
In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child does two one-word utterances in a row
word combinations
In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child uses a key word and an open slot
pivot schemas
In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child makes small additions to previous utterances (ie from “doggie ball” to “doggie’s ball”)
item-based constructions
What are four biological factors than can affect early language development?
1) cognitive function
2) motor speech problems
3) overall health
4) frequent ear infections
What are 5 environmental factors than can affect early language development?
1) exposure to media (passive vs active)
2) home environment
3) socio/economic status
4) international adoption
5) second language learning
TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS
What are three semantic-syntactic relationships that involve entities?
1) demonstrative + entity (ie THIS cat)
2) entity + attribute (ie cat small)
3) entity + location (ie cat outside)
TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS
What is a semantic-syntactic relationship that involves possession?
Possessor + possessive (ie my cup)
TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS
What are two semantic-syntactic relationship that involve agents?
1) agent + object (daddy car)
2) agent + action (daddy drive)
TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS
What are three semantic-syntactic relationship that involve actions?
1) agent + action (daddy drive)
2) action + object (drive car)
3) action + location (drive street)
The number of possible words that differ by one phoneme and a factor characteristic in shaping a child’s emerging lexical system.
Neighborhood density
two ways children’s morphological development increases in early school age years
1) Refinement of inflectional morphemes
2) Addition of derivational suffixes (-able, -ment, -y, -ly)
