Early Language Development Flashcards

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1
Q

In order for a first word to count, it needs these three traits

A

Similar to adult word
Word used consistently
Word used in presence of referent

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2
Q

After a first word is uttered, it is still intermixed with prelinguistics like these three

A

jargon, babbling, gestures

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3
Q

when first learning words, children prefer to use this category of consonants (____), as well as these four specific consonants

A

Stops, /h/, /m/, /n/, /w/

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4
Q

single-word that convey communicative intention (ie request, answer, direct)

A

Holophrases

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5
Q

these two types of words are produced first

A

nouns and verbs

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6
Q

what three types of words come after nouns and verbs?

A

Pronouns
Articles
Preposition

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7
Q

what are the three hypothesis for the point of reference children use to form concepts in their brains?

A

1) semantic-feature
2) functional-core
3) associative complex/prototypic complex

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8
Q

In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of their sensory experience of an object

A

semantic-feature

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9
Q

In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of what the object is used for or how it moves

A

functional-core

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10
Q

In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of how similar it is to a prototype of an object in their heads

A

associative complex and prototypic complex

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11
Q

what is the term for a child’s ability to quickly learn a new word because of an experience with its referent?

A

fast mapping

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12
Q

when a child’s meaning of a word is too broad (ie using cow for all farm animals)

A

Overextension

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13
Q

three types of overextension

A

overinclusion
analogical
predicate statements

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14
Q

in this type of overextension, one word is used to label items of same category (ie using cow for all farm animals)

A

overinclusion

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15
Q

in this type of overextension, one word is used to label items with perceptual similarity (ie all round things are pizza)

A

Analogical

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16
Q

in this type of overextension, one word is used for all things in an event (ie using key for all things involving unlocking a door)

A

predicate statements

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17
Q

when a child’s meaning for a word is too narrow (ie “dog” only refers to my dog)

A

Underextension

18
Q
A
19
Q

Two factors that influence early vocabulary

A

environment (does the word appear in envi)
difficulty of word (more difficult words not present usually)

20
Q

When working with new language users, what structures of words (C and V combos) are easiest?

A

VC, CV and CVCV

21
Q

Once a child reaches the ___th word, lexical growth accelerates

A

50

22
Q

association of word sounds and meaning is called

A

auditory map

23
Q

link between perception and production is called

A

articulatory map

24
Q

what are four processes children use to simplify and produce adult words?

A

1) reduplicate
2) diminutive
3) consonant cluster reduction
4) weak syllable deletion

25
Q

process of simplifying adult language by repeating syllables

A

reduplication

26
Q

process of simplifying adult language by adding /i/ at end of word

A

diminutive

27
Q

process of simplifying adult language by simplifying a series of consonants

A

consonant cluster reduction

28
Q

process of simplifying adult language by getting rid of deemphasized syllables

A

weak syllable deletion

29
Q

what are four traits a typical 2-year-old has when it comes to pragmatics

A

-Initiation and maintenance of topic
-Requesting information
-Predicting and describing states and qualities
-Assumes more responsibility in interaction

30
Q

what marks beginning of language structure/syntax

A

Two-word combos

31
Q

Three hypothesis on how children make multi-word utterances

A

1) word combos
2) pivot schemas
3) item-based constructions

32
Q

In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child does two one-word utterances in a row

A

word combinations

33
Q

In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child uses a key word and an open slot

A

pivot schemas

34
Q

In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child makes small additions to previous utterances (ie from “doggie ball” to “doggie’s ball”)

A

item-based constructions

35
Q

What are four biological factors than can affect early language development?

A

1) cognitive function
2) motor speech problems
3) overall health
4) frequent ear infections

36
Q

What are 5 environmental factors than can affect early language development?

A

1) exposure to media (passive vs active)
2) home environment
3) socio/economic status
4) international adoption
5) second language learning

37
Q

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What are three semantic-syntactic relationships that involve entities?

A

1) demonstrative + entity (ie THIS cat)
2) entity + attribute (ie cat small)
3) entity + location (ie cat outside)

38
Q

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What is a semantic-syntactic relationship that involves possession?

A

Possessor + possessive (ie my cup)

39
Q

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What are two semantic-syntactic relationship that involve agents?

A

1) agent + object (daddy car)
2) agent + action (daddy drive)

40
Q

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What are three semantic-syntactic relationship that involve actions?

A

1) agent + action (daddy drive)
2) action + object (drive car)
3) action + location (drive street)

41
Q

The number of possible words that differ by one phoneme and a factor characteristic in shaping a child’s emerging lexical system.

A

Neighborhood density

42
Q

two ways children’s morphological development increases in early school age years

A

1) Refinement of inflectional morphemes
2) Addition of derivational suffixes (-able, -ment, -y, -ly)