Early Language Development

Question 1

In order for a first word to count, it needs these three traits

Answer 1

Similar to adult word
Word used consistently
Word used in presence of referent

Question 2

After a first word is uttered, it is still intermixed with prelinguistics like

Answer 2

jargon, babbling, gestures

Question 3

when first learning words, children prefer to use this category of consonants (____), as well as __, __, __, __

Answer 3

Stops, /h/, /m/, /n/, /w/

Question 4

single-word that convey communicative intention (ie request, answer, direct)

Answer 4

Holophrases

Question 5

these two types of words are produced first

Answer 5

nouns and verbs

Question 6

what three types of words come after nouns and verbs?

Answer 6

Pronouns
Articles
Preposition

Question 7

what are the three hypothesis for the point of reference children use to form concepts in their brains?

Answer 7

1) semantic-feature
2) functional-core
3) associative complex/prototypic complex

Question 8

In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of their sensory experience of an object

Answer 8

semantic-feature

Question 9

In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of what the object is used for or how it moves

Answer 9

functional-core

Question 10

In this concept formation hypothesis, children form concepts based off of how similar it is to a prototype of an object in their heads

Answer 10

associative complex and prototypic complex

Question 11

what is the term for a child’s ability to quickly learn a new word because of an experience with its referent?

Answer 11

fast mapping

Question 12

when a child’s meaning of a word is too broad (ie using cow for all farm animals)

Answer 12

Overextension

Question 13

three types of overextension

Answer 13

overinclusion
analogical
predicate statements

Question 14

in this type of overextension, one word is used to label items of same category (ie using cow for all farm animals)

Answer 14

overinclusion

Question 15

in this type of overextension, one word is used to label items with perceptual similarity (ie all round things are pizza)

Answer 15

Analogical

Question 16

in this type of overextension, one word is used for all things in an event (ie using key for all things involving unlocking a door)

Answer 16

predicate statements

Question 17

when a child’s meaning for a word is too narrow (ie “dog” only refers to my dog)

Answer 17

Underextension

Question 19

Two factors that influence early vocabulary

Answer 19

environment (does the word appear in envi)
difficulty of word (more difficult words not present usually)

Question 20

When working with new language users, what structures of words (C and V combos) are easiest?

Answer 20

VC, CV and CVCV

Question 21

Once a child reaches the ___th word, lexical growth accelerates

Answer 21

50

Question 22

association of word sounds and meaning is called

Answer 22

auditory map

Question 23

link between perception and production is called

Answer 23

articulatory map

Question 24

what are four processes children use to simplify and produce adult words?

Answer 24

1) reduplicate
2) diminutive
3) consonant cluster reduction
4) weak syllable deletion

Question 25

process of simplifying adult language by repeating syllables

Answer 25

reduplication

Question 26

process of simplifying adult language by adding /i/ at end of word

Answer 26

diminutive

Question 27

process of simplifying adult language by simplifying a series of consonants

Answer 27

consonant cluster reduction

Question 28

process of simplifying adult language by getting rid of deemphasized syllables

Answer 28

weak syllable deletion

Question 29

what are four traits a typical 2-year-old has when it comes to pragmatics

Answer 29

-Initiation and maintenance of topic
-Requesting information
-Predicting and describing states and qualities
-Assumes more responsibility in interaction

Question 30

what marks beginning of language structure/syntax

Answer 30

Two-word combos

Question 31

Three hypothesis on how children make multi-word utterances

Answer 31

1) word combos
2) pivot schemas
3) item-based constructions

Question 32

In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child does two one-word utterances in a row

Answer 32

word combinations

Question 33

In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child uses a key word and an open slot

Answer 33

pivot schemas

Question 34

In this hypothesis on multi-word utterances, the child makes small additions to previous utterances (ie from “doggie ball” to “doggie’s ball”)

Answer 34

item-based constructions

Question 35

What are four biological factors than can affect early language development?

Answer 35

1) cognitive function
2) motor speech problems
3) overall health
4) frequent ear infections

Question 36

What are X environmental factors than can affect early language development?

Answer 36

1) exposure to media (passive vs active)
2) home environment
3) socio/economic status
4) international adoption
5) second language learning

Question 37

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What are three semantic-syntactic relationships that involve entities?

Answer 37

1) demonstrative + entity (ie THIS cat)
2) entity + attribute (ie cat small)
3) entity + location (ie cat outside)

Question 38

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What is a semantic-syntactic relationship that involves possession?

Answer 38

Possessor + possessive (ie my cup)

Question 39

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What are two semantic-syntactic relationship that involve agents?

Answer 39

1) agent + object (daddy car)
2) agent + action (daddy drive)

Question 40

TWO-WORD SEMANTIC-SYNTATIC REALTIONS

What are three semantic-syntactic relationship that involve actions?

Answer 40

1) agent + action (daddy drive)
2) action + object (drive car)
3) action + location (drive street)

Question 41

The number of possible words that differ by one phoneme and a factor characteristic in shaping a child’s emerging lexical system.

Answer 41

Neighborhood density

Question 42

The likelihood of phonemes appearing together and/or in certain locations in words.