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2nd Year - 1st Sem > (Prelims) MicroPara Exam 1 > Flashcards

(Prelims) MicroPara Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

minute living things that individually are
usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye

A

Microbes/microorganisms

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2
Q

An adult human is composed of about how many microbes?

A

30 trillion body cells
40 trillion bacterial cells

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3
Q

Microbes that
live stably in and on the human body are called

A

human microbiome, or microbiota

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4
Q

a microbe can indefinitely
colonize the body as benign

A

normal microbiota

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5
Q

What is the cell wall of Bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan cell wall

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6
Q

Microrganisms that when they have cell walls lack peptidoglycan

A

Archaea

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7
Q

Types of Archaea

A
  1. Methanogens - methane as waste product
  2. Extreme halophiles - live in extremely salty environments
  3. Extreme thermophiles - live in hot sulfurous water
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8
Q

True or False: Archaea can cause disease in humans

A

False

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9
Q

True or False: Fungi cannot carry out photosynthesis

A

True

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10
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

Chitin

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11
Q

What microbes are unicellular microbes?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Protozoa

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11
Q

What do protozoa use to move?

A
  1. Pseudopods - extensions of the cytoplasm
  2. Flagella
  3. Cilia - short appendages for locomotion

Although other microbes have these too

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12
Q

Photosynthetic Protozoa

A

Euglena

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12
Q

What microbes are photosynthetic eukaryotes?

A

Algae

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13
Q

How does bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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14
Q

Where do molds form?

A

mycelia

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15
Q

Many cell walls of algae are made of what?

A

Carbohydrates

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16
Q

What microbe produces oxygen and carbohydrates?

A

Algae

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16
Q

True or False: Viruses are cells

A

False

Viruses are not cells and can only be seen in an electron microscope

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17
Q

A visible mass of microbial cells arising from one cell or a
group of the same microbes.

A

Colony

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18
Q

A cell whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear
envelope

A

Prokaryotes

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19
Q

Cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus.

A

Eucaryotes

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19
Q

Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organic matters

A

Saprophytes/decomposers

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19
Q

What are the 2 categories of disease caused by microbes?

A
  1. Infectious disease (colonizes the body)
  2. Microbial intoxications (ingests toxin)
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20
Q

Study of Bacteria

A

Bacteriology

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21
Q

Study of Protozoans

A

Protozoology

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22
Q

Study of Algae

A

Phycology

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23
Q

Study of Parasites

A

Parasitology

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24
Q

Study of Yeasts and Molds

A

Mycology

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25
Q

Study of Viruses

A

Virology

26
Q

what are the Taxonomic Classifications (in order)

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

27
Q

5 Kingdoms of Living Organisms

A
  1. Animalia
  2. Plantae
  3. Fungi
  4. Protista
  5. Monera
28
Q

How many % of known bacteria cause human disease? How about plant diseases?

A

3% of known bacteria cause human disease
4% of known bacteria cause plant disease

29
Q

What are B vitamins for?

A

Metabolism

30
Q

What are K vitamins for?

A

Blood clotting

31
Q

Microbes that live in the intestine

A

Microbial flora

32
Q

This term is using microbes to clean up pollutants and toxic wastes

A

Bioremediation

33
Q

Theory that life just “spontaneously” developed from non living matter

A

Spontaneous Generation/Abiogenesis

34
Q

Showed that worms which appeared on rotting meat were from fly eggs

A

Francesco Redi

35
Q

He developed Theory of Biogenesis

A

Rudolph Virchow

36
Q

Theory that cells can only arise from preexisting cells

A

Theory of Biogenesis

37
Q

Showed that appearance of microbes in sterilized media was from air-borne bacteria

A

Louis Pasteur

38
Q

Who disproved Spontaneous Generation?

A

Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall

39
Q

He was the first to see live bacteria and protozoa

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

He is also the Father of microbiology, bacteriology, and protozoology

40
Q

Microbes that need oxygen

A

Aerobes

40
Q

What bacteria converts glucose to acetic acid

A

Acetobacter

41
Q

Microbes that can live without oxygen

A

Anaerobes

42
Q

He developed vaccines to prevent cholera, anthrax, and swine erysipelas

A

Louis Pasteur

43
Q

He developed Rabies vaccine iin dogs

A

Louis Pasteur

43
Q

He first proved that bacteria actually caused disease

A

Robert Koch

44
Q

What bacteria causes Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

45
Q

What bacteria causes Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

46
Q

What bacteria causes Cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

47
Q

painless ulcer with black (necrotic) center

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

47
Q

Happens when eating contaminated meat, giving abdominal pain, fever vomiting blood, severe diarrhea

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

48
Q

Arsenic based chemical to treat Syphilis

A

Salvarsan

49
Q

He was the first to use Agar to solidify culture media

A

Robert Koch

50
Q

First to make synthetic drug to treat infections

A

Paul Ehrlich

51
Q

Toxins produced by enterobacteria that are lethal to related strains of bacteria

A

Bacteriocins

52
Q

Collective vegetation in a given area in one part of the body, yet produce infection in another

A

Resident flora

53
Q

Is an invasion of body tissue by microbes and their growth

A

Infection

54
Q

Microbes that cause infection

A

Infectious Agent

55
Q

Microbes do not produce clinical evidence of disease

A

Asymptomatic/subclinical

56
Q

Detectable alteration in normal tissue function

A

Disease

56
Q

Microbe’s ability to produce disease

A

Virulence

57
Q

Disease causing microbes

A

Pathogen

58
Q

Infectious agents that can be transmitted to an individual by direct
or indirect contact or as airborne infection

A

Communicable Disease

59
Q

Ability to produce disease

A

Pathogenicity

60
Q

Do not cause disease.

A
  • Non-pathogens
61
Q

Causes disease only in a susceptible individual

A

Opportunistic pathogen

62
Q

All practices intended to confine a specific
microbes to a specific area, limiting the #, growth,
& transmission of microbes

A

Medical asepsis

62
Q

Freedom from disease-causing microbes.

A

Asepsis

62
Q

State of infection and can take many forms, including
septic shock.

A

Sepsis

2nd Year - 1st Sem (20 decks)

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