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2nd Year - 1st Sem > (Prelims) MicroPara Exam 1 > Flashcards

(Prelims) MicroPara Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

minute living things that individually are
usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye

A

Microbes/microorganisms

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2
Q

An adult human is composed of about how many microbes?

A

30 trillion body cells
40 trillion bacterial cells

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3
Q

Microbes that
live stably in and on the human body are called

A

human microbiome, or microbiota

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4
Q

a microbe can indefinitely
colonize the body as benign

A

normal microbiota

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5
Q

What is the cell wall of Bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan cell wall

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6
Q

Microrganisms that when they have cell walls lack peptidoglycan

A

Archaea

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7
Q

Types of Archaea

A
  1. Methanogens - methane as waste product
  2. Extreme halophiles - live in extremely salty environments
  3. Extreme thermophiles - live in hot sulfurous water
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8
Q

True or False: Archaea can cause disease in humans

A

False

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9
Q

True or False: Fungi cannot carry out photosynthesis

A

True

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10
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

Chitin

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11
Q

What microbes are unicellular microbes?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Protozoa

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11
Q

What do protozoa use to move?

A
  1. Pseudopods - extensions of the cytoplasm
  2. Flagella
  3. Cilia - short appendages for locomotion

Although other microbes have these too

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12
Q

Photosynthetic Protozoa

A

Euglena

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12
Q

What microbes are photosynthetic eukaryotes?

A

Algae

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13
Q

How does bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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14
Q

Where do molds form?

A

mycelia

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15
Q

Many cell walls of algae are made of what?

A

Carbohydrates

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16
Q

What microbe produces oxygen and carbohydrates?

A

Algae

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16
Q

True or False: Viruses are cells

A

False

Viruses are not cells and can only be seen in an electron microscope

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17
Q

A visible mass of microbial cells arising from one cell or a
group of the same microbes.

A

Colony

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18
Q

A cell whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear
envelope

A

Prokaryotes

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19
Q

Cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus.

A

Eucaryotes

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19
Q

Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organic matters

A

Saprophytes/decomposers

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19
Q

What are the 2 categories of disease caused by microbes?

A
  1. Infectious disease (colonizes the body)
  2. Microbial intoxications (ingests toxin)
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20
Study of Bacteria
Bacteriology
21
Study of Protozoans
Protozoology
22
Study of Algae
Phycology
23
Study of Parasites
Parasitology
24
Study of Yeasts and Molds
Mycology
25
Study of Viruses
Virology
26
what are the Taxonomic Classifications (in order)
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
27
5 Kingdoms of Living Organisms
1. Animalia 2. Plantae 3. Fungi 4. Protista 5. Monera
28
How many % of known bacteria cause human disease? How about plant diseases?
3% of known bacteria cause human disease 4% of known bacteria cause plant disease
29
What are B vitamins for?
Metabolism
30
What are K vitamins for?
Blood clotting
31
Microbes that live in the intestine
Microbial flora
32
This term is using microbes to clean up pollutants and toxic wastes
Bioremediation
33
Theory that life just "spontaneously" developed from non living matter
Spontaneous Generation/Abiogenesis
34
Showed that worms which appeared on rotting meat were from fly eggs
Francesco Redi
35
He developed Theory of Biogenesis
Rudolph Virchow
36
Theory that cells can only arise from preexisting cells
Theory of Biogenesis
37
Showed that appearance of microbes in sterilized media was from air-borne bacteria
Louis Pasteur
38
Who disproved Spontaneous Generation?
Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall
39
He was the first to see live bacteria and protozoa
Anton van Leeuwenhoek He is also the Father of microbiology, bacteriology, and protozoology
40
Microbes that need oxygen
Aerobes
40
What bacteria converts glucose to acetic acid
Acetobacter
41
Microbes that can live without oxygen
Anaerobes
42
He developed vaccines to prevent cholera, anthrax, and swine erysipelas
Louis Pasteur
43
He developed Rabies vaccine iin dogs
Louis Pasteur
43
He first proved that bacteria actually caused disease
Robert Koch
44
What bacteria causes Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
45
What bacteria causes Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
46
What bacteria causes Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
47
painless ulcer with black (necrotic) center
Cutaneous Anthrax
47
Happens when eating contaminated meat, giving abdominal pain, fever vomiting blood, severe diarrhea
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
48
Arsenic based chemical to treat Syphilis
Salvarsan
49
He was the first to use Agar to solidify culture media
Robert Koch
50
First to make synthetic drug to treat infections
Paul Ehrlich
51
Toxins produced by enterobacteria that are lethal to related strains of bacteria
Bacteriocins
52
Collective vegetation in a given area in one part of the body, yet produce infection in another
Resident flora
53
Is an invasion of body tissue by microbes and their growth
Infection
54
Microbes that cause infection
Infectious Agent
55
Microbes do not produce clinical evidence of disease
Asymptomatic/subclinical
56
Detectable alteration in normal tissue function
Disease
56
Microbe's ability to produce disease
Virulence
57
Disease causing microbes
Pathogen
58
Infectious agents that can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact or as airborne infection
Communicable Disease
59
Ability to produce disease
Pathogenicity
60
Do not cause disease.
* Non-pathogens
61
Causes disease only in a susceptible individual
Opportunistic pathogen
62
All practices intended to confine a specific microbes to a specific area, limiting the #, growth, & transmission of microbes
Medical asepsis
62
Freedom from disease-causing microbes.
Asepsis
62
State of infection and can take many forms, including septic shock.
Sepsis

2nd Year - 1st Sem (26 decks)

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