(Prelims) MicroBio Lab Exam 1 Flashcards by ry ry

Q

Spherical Shape

A

Cocci

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Q

Rod Shaped

A

Bacilli

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Q

Corkscrew and fairly rigid bodies

A

Spirilla

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Q

Helical and flexible

A

Spirochetes

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Q

Cocci: In clusters

A

Staphylococci

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Q

Cocci: In clusters

A

Staphylococci

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Q

Cocci: In chains

A

Streptococci

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Q

Cocci: In groups of 4

A

Tetrad

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Q

Cocci: In groups of 8

A

Sarcinae

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Q

Bacilli: In pairs

A

Diplobacilli

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Q

Bacilli: In chains

A

Streptobacilli

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Q

Bacilli: Fence like

A

Palisades

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Staphylococcus aureus

A

StaphyloCocci

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

StreptoCocci

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Diplococci

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Streptococci

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Bacillus subtilis

A

Bacillus

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Escherichia coli

A

Coccobacilli

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Vibrio cholerae

A

Vibrio

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis

A

Slender rods, or fillamentous

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Treponema

A

Spirochetes

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Borrelia

A

Spiral

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Spiral

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Q

What is the shape of bacteria?

Helicobacter pylori

A

Spiral

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Leeuwenhoek Observed things moving which he called what

animalcules

Father of Microbiology

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

The factor by which an image appears to be enlarged.

MAGNIFICATION

The image formed is enlarged to a particular degree called the

“Power of Magnification”

the ability of a lens to show two adjacent objects as discrete entities.

Resolution or Resolving Power

Degree to which detail in specimen is retained in a magnified image.

Resolution

The minimum distance between two visible bodies at which they can be seen as separate is the

“Limit of Resolution”

Resolution is best when?

LR is Low

True or False: The shorter the wavelength of the illumination, the better the resolution.

True

a measure of its ability to gather light and resolve fine specimen detail at a fixed object.

numerical aperture

True or False: The lower the numerical aperture the better will be the resolution.

False

True or False: Greater the refractive index, the greater the NA

True

share ko lang

the light rays do not refract when passing from one to the other when an oil immersion objective lens is used.

Artificial light from a what is the most commonly used light source in microscopy.

tungsten lamp

regulates the amount of light entering the condenser.

* Iris diaphragm

property of optical systems such as lenses that causes light to spread out over some region of space rather than focused to a point.

ABERRATION

cause the image formed by a lens to be blurred or distorted.

ABERRATION

2 Aberrations associated with microscope

1. spherical aberration and 2. chromatic aberration.

refers to the use of any kind of microscope that uses visible light to observe specimens

LIGHT MICROSCOPY

Also know as bright-field microscope

COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPY

Produces a dark image against a bright background

COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPY

Parts of microscope: Remagnifies the image formed by objective lens

Ocular lens

Parts of the microscope: Transmits the image from the objective lens to the ocular lens

Body tube

Parts of the microscope: Primary lens that magnifies the specimen

Objective lenses

Parts of the microscope: Focuses light through specimen

Condenser

Parts of the microscope: Controls the amount of light entering the condenser

Iris diaphragm

used to examine live microorganisms that either are invisible in the ordinary light microscope, cannot be stained by standard methods, or are so distorted by staining that their characteristics are obscured.

DARKFIELD MICROSCOPY

Parts of the microscope: Light source

Illuminator

Bacteria that needs darkfield microscope to see

Treponema pallidum

the scattering of light rays as they “touch” a specimen’s edge.

Diffraction

useful because the internal structures of a cell become more sharply defined, permitting detailed examination of living microorganisms.

* Phase contrast microscopy

uses two beams of light instead of one.

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST (DIC) MICROSCOPY

The specimen itself acts as a light source,

FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY

What microscope: Image is brightly colored and appears nearly three-dimensional

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST (DIC) MICROSCOPY

It filters the light before reaches the specimen.

Excitation filter:

The fluorescence microscope is most often similar to the ordinary microscope except that the illuminating light is passed through two sets of filters called?

1. Excitation filter 2. Barrier/Emission Filter

It filters the light illuminated from the specimen.

Barrier or emission filter:

The principal use of fluorescence microscopy is a diagnostic technique called the

fluorescent-antibody (FA) technique OR immunofluorescence

are natural defense molecules that are produced by humans and many animals in reaction to a foreign substance,

* Antibodies

foreign substance,

antigen

technique in light microscopy used to reconstruct three-dimensional images.

CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY

Used when the maximum resolution is required, and when the living state can be ignored.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Used to examine structures too small to be resolved with light microscopes, objects smaller than about 0.2 μm, such as viruses or the internal structures of cells

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

used instead of light in Electorn Microscope

beam of electrons

Used to focus a beam of electrons onto a specimen.

electromagnetic lenses

FINAL IMAGE OF TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROGRAPH

An electron gun produces a finely focused beam of electrons called what

primary electron beam.

The image in scanning electron microscope is called a what

scanning electron micrograph.

This microscope is especially useful in studying the surface structures of intact cells and viruses.

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

GP or GN? Escherichia coli

Gram Negative

GP or GN? Bacillus subtilis

Gram Positive

GP or GN? Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Acid-fast/Gram Nega

GP or GN? Bacillus cereus

Gram Positive

GP or GN? Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram Negative

GP or GN? Klebsiella pneumoniae

Gram Negative

GP or GN? Streptococcus

Gram Positive

GP or GN? Neisseria gonorrhea

Gram Negative

GP or GN Shigella dysenteriae

Gram Negative