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2nd Year - 1st Sem > (Prelims) MicroBio Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

(Prelims) MicroBio Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a substance that adheres to a cell, giving the cell color.

A

STAIN

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2
Q

to preserve the
shape of the cells or tissue involved as much as possible.

A

FIXATION

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2
Q

used to differentiate different types of organisms or to
view specific parts of organisms.

A

STAIN

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3
Q

means coloring the microorganisms with a dye
that emphasizes certain structures

A

STAINING

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3
Q

Microorganisms must be what? to the microscope slide before it can be stained.

A

Fixed

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4
Q

used to kill, adhere, and makes them permeable so it will accept stains.

A

heat fixation

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5
Q

a thin film of material containing
the microorganisms is spread over the surface of the slide.

A

SMEAR

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6
Q

The first step in most bacterial staining procedures

A

SMEAR PREPARATION

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7
Q

Three types of staining protocol or procedures:

A
  1. Simple Staining
  2. Differential Staining
  3. Specialized Staining
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8
Q

direct staining method that uses only one stain.

A

SIMPLE STAINING

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9
Q

Stains are salts composed of a positive and a negative ion, one of which is
colored and is known as the

A

chromophore.

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9
Q

Simple stains can be used to determine what

A

bacterial species’ morphology and arrangement, but they do not give any additional information.

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10
Q

is in the cation

A

basic dyes

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11
Q

What dyes are not attracted to most types of bacteria

A

Acidic dye

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11
Q

it is in the anion.

A

acidic dyes

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12
Q

Uses 2 or more stains and allow the cells to be categorized into various
groups or types.

A

DIFFERENTIAL STAINING

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13
Q

Gram staining procedure is developed in
1884 by whom

A

Hans Christian Gram

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14
Q

Used for identification or structure examination of bacteria in addition to
general morphological examination

A

DIFFERENTIAL STAINING

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14
Q

first stain

A

Primary Stain

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15
Q

Distinguishes 2 kinds of microorganisms

A

DIFFERENTIAL STAINING

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16
Q

second stain

A

Counter Stain

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17
Q

3 Types of Differential staining:

A
  1. Gram Staining
  2. Acid-fast staining
  3. Endospore staining
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17
Q

Gram Staining classification is based on the physical
properties of the what

A

Bacterial Cell Wall

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18
Q

A type of differential staining method that distinguishes bacteria into 2 groups

A

Gram Staining

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19
Q

referred as mordant because it increases the affinity of dyes or a stain for smear

A

Iodine/Gram’s Iodine

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20
Q

primary stain used in gram staining

A

Crystal Violet

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20
Q

referred as decolorizing agent that remove stain from
the specimen in gram staining

A

Alcohol

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21
Q

counterstain in gram staining

A

Safranin

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22
Q

Thick peptidoglycan walls

A

Gram positive

23
Q

Thin peptidoglycan walls

A

Gram negative

24
Q

Gram negative or Gram Positive

Alcohol Cannot wash out the dye-mordant complex

A

Gram positive

25
Q

GN OR GP

cell wall is 20 - 80 nanometers

A

Gram Positive

25
Q

Gram negative or Gram Positive

Alcohol Can easily wash out the dye-mordant complex

A

Gram Negative

26
Q

GN OR GP

cell wall single layered, smooth cell wall

A

Gram Positive

27
Q

GN OR GP

cell wall double layered, wavy cell wall

A

Gram Negative

27
Q

GN OR GP

cell wall is 8-10 nanometers

A

Gram Negative

28
Q

GN OR GP

can be multilayered peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram Positive

29
Q

GN OR GP

often single layered peptidoglycan wall

A

Gram Negative

29
Q

GN OR GP

Has teichoic acids

A

Gram Positive

30
Q

GN OR GP

Has teichoic acids

A

Gram Negative

31
Q

GN OR GP

Has lipopolysaccharides

A

Gram Negative

32
Q

GN OR GP

Lipid content is very low

A

Gram Positive

33
Q

GN OR GP

Has no lipopolysaccharides

A

Gram Positive

34
Q

GN OR GP

Outer membrane is not present

A

Gram Positive

35
Q

GN OR GP

Outer membrane is mostly present

A

Gram Negative

36
Q

GN OR GP

Lipid content is 20-30%

A

Gram Negative

37
Q

GN OR GP

Very susceptible to antibiotics

A

Gram Positive

38
Q

GN OR GP

Very resistant to antibiotics

A

Gram Negative

39
Q

ACID FAST STAINING also called as?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen Staining

40
Q

Used to bind strongly to bacteria that have a waxy material in their cell walls

A

Acid-fast Staining

41
Q

used to identify all bacteria in the genus
Mycobacterium, including the two important pathogens
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis,
and Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy.

A

ACID FAST STAINING

42
Q

Acid fast or Non acid fast

Blue color

A

Non-acid fast:

42
Q

also used to identify the pathogenic strains of the genus Nocardia

A

ACID FAST STAINING

main aim of this staining is to differentiate bacteria into acid
fast group and non-acid fast groups.

43
Q

Acid fast or Non acid fast

Bright red to
intensive purple (B), Red,
straight or slightly curved rods,
occurring singly or in small
groups, may appear beaded

A

Acid fast

44
Q

used to color parts of microorganisms, such as endospores, flagella, or
capsules.

A

SPECIAL STAINS

45
Q

uses heat to push the primary dye (malachite green) into the endospore.

A

Schaeffer-Fulton method

45
Q

Malachite green staining also called as?

A

(Schaeffer-Fulton method

46
Q

these are Self-assembling and protective property

A

ENDOSPORES

46
Q

the most common method used to perform endospore staining.

A

Malachite green staining

47
Q

dormant stage of some bacterium that allows it to survive conditions
that would normally kill bacteria such as extreme drought or heat

A

ENDOSPORES

48
Q

What is the positive result of endospore staining

A

Positive result = spores are present (green
are spores, pink vegetative cells)

49
Q

What is the negative result of endospore staining

A

Negative result= no spores present (you will
only see pink vegetative cells)

50
Q

structures of locomotion too
small to be seen with a light microscope without staining.

A

Bacterial flagella

51
Q

tedious and delicate staining procedure uses a mordant and the stain
carbolfuchsin to build up the diameters of the flagella until they
become visible under the light microscope

A

FLAGELLA STAINING

52
Q

demonstrating the presence of a capsule is
a means of determining the organism’s what

A

virulence

52
Q

the degree to
which a pathogen can cause disease.

A

virulence,

53
Q

to distinguish capsular material from the bacterial cell.

A

CAPSULE STAINING

54
Q

a gelatinous outer layer secreted by bacterial cell and that
surrounds and adheres to the cell wall.

A

capsule

55
Q

more difficult than other types of differential staining

A

CAPSULE STAINING

56
Q

Capsule staining techniques

A
  1. India Ink Method
  2. Anthony’s Method
  3. Maneval’s Method
  4. Hiss Method

2nd Year - 1st Sem (20 decks)

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