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2nd Year - 1st Sem > (Finals) MicroBio Lec Quiz 1 > Flashcards

(Finals) MicroBio Lec Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific study of disease

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Pathology is concerned with?

A
  • Etiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Structural and Functional Changes
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3
Q

Invasion or Colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

A

Infection

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4
Q

Presence of a particular type of microorganism in part of body where it is not normally found

A

Infection

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5
Q

When an infection results in any change from a state of health

A

Disease

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6
Q

Abnormal state in which part or all of the body is incapable of performing its normal function

A

Disease

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7
Q

4 organisms that begin to establish themselves in an individual before birth

A

Enterobacteriaceae
Propionibacterium
Lactobacillus
E. coli

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8
Q

Microorganisms that establish more or less permanent residence (colonize) but do not produce disease under normal conditions

A

Normal Flora/Normal Microbiota

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9
Q

Several days, weeks, or months then disappear

A

Transient Microbiota

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10
Q

The factors that determine the distribution and composition of normal microbiota

A

Nutrients
Physical and Chemical Properties
Host’s Defenses
Mechanical Factors

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11
Q

Normal flora preventing the overgrowth of harmful
microorganisms

A

MICROBIAL ANTAGONISM/ COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION

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12
Q

Competing for nutrients, producing substances harmful to invading microbes, and affecting conditions such as pH and available oxygen

A

MICROBIAL ANTAGONISM/ COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION

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13
Q

Relationship between 2 organisms in which at least 1 organism is dependent on the other

A

SYMBIOSIS

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14
Q

1 organism benefits while the other is unaffected

A

COMMENSALISM

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15
Q

Example microorganism of Commensalism

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis (Skin)

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16
Q

Both organisms benefit

A

Mutualism

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16
Q

Example of microorganism of Mutualism

A

E. Coli (Large Intestine)

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17
Q

1 Organism benefits by deriving nutrients at the expense of the other

A

Parasitism

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18
Q

Example of Parasitism

A

Disease-causing bacteria

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19
Q

Microorganisms that don’t cause disease in their normal habitat in a normal healthy person but may do so in a different environment

A

OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS

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20
Q

True or False:

If the host is already weakened or compromised by infection, microbes that are usually harmless cannot cause disease

A

False

Microbes that are harmless CAN CAUSE disease if the host is weakened or compromised by infection

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21
Q

What are stated in Koch’s Postulation

A

The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease

The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture

The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it’s inoculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal

The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism

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22
Q

Exemptions to Koch’s Postulates

A
  • Microorganisms with unique culture requirements
  • Requires some modifications of Koch’s Postulates and the use of alternative methods of culturing and detecting certain microorganisms
  • Certain pathogens exhibits certain signs and symptoms
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23
Q

Changes in body function experienced by the patient

A

Symptoms

24
Q

Changes that are observable by the physician

A

Signs

25
Q

Subjective complaints

A

Symptoms

26
Q

Objective Complaints

A

Signs

27
Q

Infected person transmits an infectious agent, directly or indirectly, to another person

A

COMMUNICABLE

28
Q

Specific group of signs and symptoms may always accompany a person’s disease

A

Syndrome

29
Q

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES

A

COMMUNICABLE

30
Q

Do not spread from one host to another

A

NONCOMMUNICABLE

31
Q

Number of new cases/population at risk

A

INCIDENCE

32
Q

Indicator of spread

A

INCIDENCE

33
Q

Old + new cases/population at risk

A

PREVALENCE

34
Q

Indicator of how seriously and how long a disease affects a population

A

PREVALENCE

35
Q

Sudden increase in occurrence of a disease in a particular time and place

A

SPORADIC

36
Q

A disease constantly present in a population

A

ENDEMIC

37
Q

Rapid increase of a certain disease in many people in a relatively short time

A

EPIDEMIC

38
Q

Epidemic disease that occurs worldwide

A

PANDEMIC

39
Q

Develops rapidly but lasts only a short time

A

ACUTE DISEASE

40
Q

Develops more slowly, May be less sever, but disease is likely to continue or recur for long periods

A

CHRONIC DISEASE

41
Q

Between acute and chronic

A

SUBACUTE DISEASE

42
Q

Causative agent remains dormant(inactive) for a long time but becomes active to produce symptoms of a disease

A

LATENT DISEASE

43
Q

Limited to a relatively small area of the body

A

LOCAL INFECTION

Example: Boils and abscess

44
Q

Local infections that enters the systemic circulation and spread to a specific part of the body

A

FOCAL INFECTION

44
Q

Spread throughout the body by blood or lymph

A

SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS

Example: Measles

45
Q

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of the microbe

A

SEPSIS

46
Q

Blood poisoning, Systemic infection arising from the multiplication of pathogens in the blood

A

SEPTICEMIA

47
Q

Presence of bacteria on the blood

A

BACTEREMIA

48
Q

Presence of virus in the blood

A

BACTEREMIA

48
Q

Acute infection that causes the initial disease

A

PRIMARY INFECTION

49
Q

Presence of toxins in the blood

A

TOXEMIA

50
Q

Opportunistic infections that occurs after the primary infection

A

SECONDARY INFECTION

50
Q

Interval between the initial infection and the first appearance of any signs and symptoms

A

INCUBATION PERIOD

51
Q

Disease is most severe

A

PERIOD OF ILLNESS

51
Q

Relatively short period that follows the incubation period, Early, mild symptoms of the disease

A

PRODROMAL PERIOD

52
Q

Signs and symptoms subside

A

PERIOD OF DECLINE

53
Q

Person regains strength and return to its predeceased state

A

PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE

2nd Year - 1st Sem (20 decks)

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