Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2nd Year - 1st Sem > (Midterms) DDS Lec Quiz 2 > Flashcards

(Midterms) DDS Lec Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

These are semisolid preparations that can be dissolved or dispersed in either W/O or O/W emulsion

A

Cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Creams are preparations dissolved or dispersed in either?

A
  1. Water-In-Oil Emulsion (W/O)
  2. Oil-In-Water Emulsion (O/W)
  3. Another type of Water-washable Base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An oil-in-water emulsion that contains large percentage of water and stearic acid or other oleaginous components.

A

Vanishing Cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vanishing creams are what type of cream?

A

Oil-In-Water Emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the residue of the vanishing cream after water evaporates

A

Stearic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are creams preffered to ointments

A

Easier to spread and remove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of W/O cream

A

Cold Cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example of O/W cream

A

Hydrophilic Ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Creams are generally described as what?

A

Non-washable or Washable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is easier to remove W/O emulsion or O/W emulsion

A

O/W Emulsion (aqueous external continuous phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gels are sometimes called what?

A

Jellies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Semi solids consisting of dispersion of small or large molecules in an an aqueous liquid vehicle

A

Gels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synthetic macromolecule gelling agent example

A

Carbomer 934

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cellulose derivative gelling agent example

A

Carboxymethylcellulose/Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Natural gums gelling agent example

A

Tragacanth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gels in which the macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout a liquid with no apparent boundaries between the dispersed macromolecules and the liquid

A

Single-phase gels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gel mass consisting of floccules of small distinct particles

A

Two-phase system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

floccules of small distinct particles are referred as what

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Example of a two-phase system

A

Milk of Magnesia/Magnesia Magma

consists a precipitate of Magnesium Hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do gels form when it thickens on standing

A

Thixotrope

must be shaken before use to liquefy the gel and enable pouring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a time-dependent shear thinning property

A

Thixotropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gelling agents that contain a drug substance

A

Medicated Gel

may be administered in the eye, skin, nose, vagina, and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gel that contains testosterone

A

Androgel 1.62%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Androgen indicated for replacement therapy in adult males for conditions associated with a deficiency of testosterone

A

Androgel 1.62%

Delivers about 20mg of testosterone per pump actuation. applied topically in the shoulders and upper arms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

addition of this to form jellylike

A

gelling agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin. Containing a larger portion of solid material than ointments.

A

Pastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or False:

Pastes can be prepared in the same manner as ointments, by direct mixing or the use ofheat to soften the base prior to incorporating the solids

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pastes are not suited for application to?

A

Hairy parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Example of Paste

A

Zinc Oxide Paste

Better able to protect the skin and absorb secretions than is Zinc Oxide Ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Zinc oxide paste AKA

A

Lassar’s Plain Zinc Paste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How is Zinc Oxide Paste prepared

A

25% zinc oxide
25% starch
with white petrolatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Solid or semisolid ADHESIVE MASSES spread on a backing of paper, fabric, moleskin, or plastic

A

Plasters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Adhesive material of a plaster is what

A

Rubber base or Synthetic Resin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

True or False:

Plasters are applied to the skin to provide prolonged contact at the site.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Plasters that provide protection or mechanical support at the site of application

A

Unmedicated Plasters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Plasters that provide effects at the site of application

A

Medicated Plasters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

True or False:

Plasters cannot be cut to size to conform to the surface to be covered

A

False, you may cut plasters to conform to the surface to be covered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Example of Medicated Plaster

A

Salicylic Acid Plaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Used on the toes for the removal of corns

A

Salicylic Acid Plaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where is Salicylic Acid Plaster used, and what is it used for?

A

Used in the toes to remove corn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Concentration of salicylic acid used in commercial
corn plasters

A

10-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Plastic masses containing gelatin, glycerin, water, and an added medical substances, such as Zinc Oxide

A

Glycerogelatins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Glycerogelatins are masses containing how many percentage of gelatin, glycerin, water, and medicinal substance

A

15% Gelatin (fifTIN)
40% Glycerin (kwaRINta)
35% Water (waTER)
10% Medicated substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the temperature of Glycerogelatins cooled to be applied?

A

Slightly above body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The most recent official glycerogelatin

A

Zinc Gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Glycerogelatins are usually covered by what?

A

Bandage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Used in the treatment of varicose ulcers.

A

Zinc Gelatin

It was also known as ZINC GELATIN BOOT because of its ability to form a pressure bandage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Topical dermatologic products are packaged in what?

A

Jars
Tubes
Syringes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Ophthalmic, Nasal, Vaginal, and Rectal Semi Solid Products are packaged in what?

A

Tubes
Syringes

50
Q

Opaque jars,
used for light sensitive products, are what color

A

Porcelain white, Dark Green, Amber

51
Q

Accelerated stability testing conditions temperature

A

40C and 50C

52
Q

When the ointment is to be used for ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, aural, or nasal application, they are packaged with what

A

Special Applicator Tips

53
Q

Ointment tubes are made of either?

A

Aluminum or Plastic

54
Q

Tubes generally are coated with an epoxy resin, vinyl, or lacquer to eliminate any interactions
between the contents and the tube

A

Aluminum Tubes

55
Q

Tubes are made of high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE) or a blend of each,
polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and various plastic, foil, and/or paper laminates,
sometimes 10 layers thick

A

Plastic Tubes

56
Q

Plastic Tubes:

Soft and resilient, and it provides a good moisture barrier

A

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)

57
Q

Plastic Tubes:

provides a superior moisture barrier but is less resilient.

A

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

58
Q

Plastic Tubes:

high level of heat resistance

A

Polypropylene (PP)

59
Q

Plastic Tubes:

offers transparency and a high degree of product chemical
compatibility.

A

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

60
Q

Plastic Tubes:

provide an excellent moisture barrier because of the foil content, high durability, and
product compatibility

A

Laminates

61
Q

Ointments, creams, and gels are most frequently packaged in?

A

5, 15, and 30g tubes

62
Q

True or False:

The jar size should allow the ointment to reach near the top of the jar but not so high as to touch the lid when closed.

A

True

63
Q

True or False

Ointments prepared by incorporation may be poured directly into the ointment jar to congeal in it

A

False, ointments prepared by FUSION may be poured directly into the ointment jar to congeal in it

64
Q

True or False:

Tubes are filled from the open back end of the tube, opposite from the cap end

A

True

65
Q

What are we trying to prevent in Ointment Jars and Tubes

A

STRATIFICATION of the components

66
Q

Tubes can be filled using what type of system

A

Caulking Gun system

67
Q

System where the semisolid is filled into the chamber and the product
is delivered into the tube

A

caulking gun system

68
Q

Drug penetration into the skin depends on a number of factors, what are these factors?

A
  1. Physicochemical properties of the medicinal substance
  2. Characteristics of the pharmaceutical vehicle
  3. Condition of skin itself
69
Q

Unless otherwise directed, before applying a dermatologic product, the patient should what?

A

Thoroughly clean the affected area with soap and water and dry by patting with a soft cloth

70
Q

The patient should be advised if symptoms persist or irritation develops

A

use of the product should be discontinued, and a physician or pharmacist consulted

71
Q

For patients to have an allergic response, such as a skin
rash, to a topical product as a result of sensitivity to the medicinal agent or pharmaceutic ingredient what should be done?

A

Alternative product that does not contain the suspected offending agent may be substituted to solve the problem

72
Q

Among the dosage forms used in the topical treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye are

A
  1. Ointments
  2. Gels
    Others:
  3. Solutions
  4. Suspensions
  5. Inserts
73
Q

The major route by which drugs enter the eye

A

Simple diffusion via the cornea

74
Q

For drugs that
are poorly absorbed by the cornea, where is its route

A

Conjunctiva and Sclera provide an alternate route.

75
Q

Which is more capable of penetration, lipophilic drugs or hydrophilic drugs?

A

Lipophilic drugs

76
Q

True or False:

Compared with ophthalmic solutions, ophthalmic ointments and gels provide extended residence time on the surface of the eye, increasing the duration of their surface effects and bioavailability for absorption into the ocular tissues.

A

True

Opthalmic ointments & Gels provide extended residence time on the surface of the eye.

77
Q

How fast are ophthalmic ointments cleared from the eye per minute

A

0.5% per minute

78
Q

How fast are ophthalmic solutions cleared from the eye per minute

A

16% per minute

79
Q

The USP directs that ophthalmic ointments must be packaged in what

A

Collapsible ointment tubes

80
Q

These tubes have an
elongated narrow tip to facilitate application of a narrow band of ointment to the eye

A

Collapsible ointment tubes

81
Q

True or False:

Ointment bases for ophthalmic use should have a softening point close to body temperature, both for comfort and for drug release

A

True

82
Q

True or False:

Blurry vision after applying OINTMENT SPREADS is dangerous

A

False, blurred vision will occur as the ointment spreads over the eye and not to be
alarmed

82
Q

When is the best time to apply ophthalmic ointment

A

At Bedtime

82
Q

True or False:

Ocular products if handled improperly can become contaminated by
bacteria that cause ocular infections

A

True

83
Q

Substances applied rectally may be absorbed by diffusion into the general circulation via the network of three hemorrhoidal arteries and accompanying veins in the anal canal, namely:

A
  1. Superior Hemorrhoidal Vein
  2. Middle Hemorrhoidal Vein
  3. Inferior Hemorrhoidal Vein
83
Q

What dosage form is used for enema or irrigation in Rectal Preparations?

A

Solutions

84
Q

Used for systemic absorption of therapeutic levels of certain drugs when the oral route is unsatisfactory, as during vomiting.

A

Rectal Route

84
Q

What is used to treat endometrial atrophy

A

Hormones dienestrol and progesterone

84
Q

Usual pathogenic organisms of vulvovaginal infections and vaginitis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
Candida (Monilia) albicans
Haemophilus vaginalis

85
Q

What do Hormones dienestrol and progesterone treat

A

Endometrial Atrophy

86
Q

Used to restore the vaginal mucosa to its normal state

A

Hormonal dienestrol and Progesterone

87
Q

Contraceptive preparations that contain spermicidal agents

A

Nonoxynol-9 and Octoxynol are used alone or in combination with a Cervical Diaphragm

88
Q

For intravaginal treatment, patient uses a what?

A

Plastic Applicator

89
Q

When once a day administration is prescribed, when is it best done to administer?

A

At Bedtime

90
Q

True or False:

Patients who are pregnant must not use intravaginal products

A

True, UNLESS with doctor’s approval and supervision

91
Q

True or False:

Tampons are not to be used during intravaginal treatment

A

True

92
Q

What is used by physicians in rectal, urethral, and vaginal examinations

A

Unmedicated lubricant jelly

93
Q

The first transdermal system

A

Transderm Scop (Baxter)

94
Q

What was Transderm Scop used for?

A

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with travel, particularly at sea

95
Q

True or False:

The amount of drug percutaneously absorbed per unit of surface area per time interval increases with an increase in the concentration of the drug in the TDDS.

A

True

96
Q

True or False:

The larger the area of application, less drug is absorbed

A

False, the larger the area of application, MORE drug is absorbed

97
Q

True or False:

The vehicle should have a greater physicochemical attraction to the skin than to the drug so that the will leave in favor of the vehicle in the skin

A

FALSE, The DRUG should have a greater physicochemical attraction to the skin than to the vehicle so that the drug will leave the vehicle in favor of the skin

98
Q

Molecular weight of drugs that are adequate lipid and aqueous solubility that can permeate skin

A

100-800 MW

Ideal Molecular weight: 400 or less

99
Q

True or False:

Hydration of the skin generally favors percutaneous absorption. TDDS acts as an occlusive moisture barrier
through which sweat cannot pass, increasing skin hydration

A

True

100
Q

True or False

Percutaneous absorption appears to be greater when the TDDS is applied to a site with a thin horny layer than with
a thick one

A

True

Percutaneous absorption is greater when TDDS applies to asite is THIN rather than THICK

101
Q

Increase skin permeability by reversibly damaging or altering the physicochemical nature of the stratum corneum to reduce its diffusional resistance

A

Chemical Skin Penetration Enhancer

102
Q

True or False

The longer the medicated application is permitted to remain in contact with the skin, the greater is the total drug absorption

A

True

103
Q

Some physical methods that are being used to enhance transdermal drug delivery and
penetration

A

Iontophoresis and Sonophoresis

104
Q

Delivery of a charged chemical compound across the skin membrane using an electrical
field.

A

Iontophoresis

105
Q

Means to enhance transdermal drug delivery which can influence the integrity of the stratum corneum and thus affect its penetrability.

A

Sonophoresis/High-Frequency Ultrasound

106
Q

First TDDS to receive FDA approval

A

Transdermal Scopolamine

107
Q

Used to prevent travel-related motion sickness and nausea and vomiting that result from the use of certain anesthetics and analgesics used in surgery

A

Transdermal Scopolamine

108
Q

used widely in the prophylactic treatment of Angina

A

Transdermal Nitroglycerin

109
Q

First transdermal system for hypertension,

A

Transdermal Clonidine

110
Q

Transdermal therapeutic
system, Boehringer Ingelheim that was marketed in 1985

A

Catapres-TTS

111
Q

Used as adjuncts (e.g., along with counseling) in smoking cessation programs. They have
been shown to be an effective aid in quitting smoking when used according to product-recommended strategies

A

Transdermal Nicotine

112
Q

Indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, female hypogonadism, female castration, primary ovarian failure, and atrophic conditions caused by deficient endogenous estrogen production, such as atrophic vaginitis and kraurosis vulvae.

A

Transdermal Estradiol

113
Q

Available with various delivery rates as hormone replacement therapy in men who have an absence or deficiency of testosterone. For optimal absorption, it is applied to clean, dry scrotal skin that has been dry shaved

A

Transdermal Testosterone

114
Q

indicated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. The advantage of the transdermal patch is that it can be applied in the morning 2 hours prior to the time the effect is needed, that is, at school, and removed later in the day after school earlier than the 9-hour limit.

A

Transdermal Methylphenidate

115
Q

What can wet or moist skin do to drug permeation of TDDS

A

Accelerate drug permeation beyond the intended rate

116
Q
A
117
Q

After how long can use reuse skin sites?

A

After a week

Rotating locations is important to allow the skin beneath a patch to regain its normal permeability after being occluded and to prevent skin irritation

2nd Year - 1st Sem (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions