(Midterms) DDS Lec Quiz 2 Flashcards
1
Q
These are semisolid preparations that can be dissolved or dispersed in either W/O or O/W emulsion
A
Cream
2
Q
Creams are preparations dissolved or dispersed in either?
A
- Water-In-Oil Emulsion (W/O)
- Oil-In-Water Emulsion (O/W)
- Another type of Water-washable Base
3
Q
An oil-in-water emulsion that contains large percentage of water and stearic acid or other oleaginous components.
A
Vanishing Cream
4
Q
Vanishing creams are what type of cream?
A
Oil-In-Water Emulsion
5
Q
what is the residue of the vanishing cream after water evaporates
A
Stearic Acid
6
Q
Why are creams preffered to ointments
A
Easier to spread and remove
7
Q
Example of W/O cream
A
Cold Cream
8
Q
Example of O/W cream
A
Hydrophilic Ointment
9
Q
Creams are generally described as what?
A
Non-washable or Washable
10
Q
What is easier to remove W/O emulsion or O/W emulsion
A
O/W Emulsion (aqueous external continuous phase)
11
Q
Gels are sometimes called what?
A
Jellies
12
Q
Semi solids consisting of dispersion of small or large molecules in an an aqueous liquid vehicle
A
Gels
13
Q
Synthetic macromolecule gelling agent example
A
Carbomer 934
14
Q
Cellulose derivative gelling agent example
A
Carboxymethylcellulose/Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
15
Q
Natural gums gelling agent example
A
Tragacanth
16
Q
Gels in which the macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout a liquid with no apparent boundaries between the dispersed macromolecules and the liquid
A
Single-phase gels
17
Q
Gel mass consisting of floccules of small distinct particles
A
Two-phase system
18
Q
floccules of small distinct particles are referred as what
A
Magma
19
Q
Example of a two-phase system
A
Milk of Magnesia/Magnesia Magma
consists a precipitate of Magnesium Hydroxide
20
Q
What do gels form when it thickens on standing
A
Thixotrope
must be shaken before use to liquefy the gel and enable pouring
21
Q
a time-dependent shear thinning property
A
Thixotropy
22
Q
Gelling agents that contain a drug substance
A
Medicated Gel
may be administered in the eye, skin, nose, vagina, and rectum
23
Q
Gel that contains testosterone
A
Androgel 1.62%
24
Q
Androgen indicated for replacement therapy in adult males for conditions associated with a deficiency of testosterone
A
Androgel 1.62%
Delivers about 20mg of testosterone per pump actuation. applied topically in the shoulders and upper arms.
25
addition of this to form jellylike
gelling agent
26
semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin. Containing a larger portion of solid material than ointments.
Pastes
27
True or False:
Pastes can be prepared in the same manner as ointments, by direct mixing or the use ofheat to soften the base prior to incorporating the solids
True
28
Pastes are not suited for application to?
Hairy parts of the body
29
Example of Paste
Zinc Oxide Paste
Better able to protect the skin and absorb secretions than is Zinc Oxide Ointment
30
Zinc oxide paste AKA
Lassar's Plain Zinc Paste
31
How is Zinc Oxide Paste prepared
25% zinc oxide
25% starch
with white petrolatum
32
Solid or semisolid ADHESIVE MASSES spread on a backing of paper, fabric, moleskin, or plastic
Plasters
33
Adhesive material of a plaster is what
Rubber base or Synthetic Resin
34
True or False:
Plasters are applied to the skin to provide prolonged contact at the site.
True
35
Plasters that provide protection or mechanical support at the site of application
Unmedicated Plasters
36
Plasters that provide effects at the site of application
Medicated Plasters
37
True or False:
Plasters cannot be cut to size to conform to the surface to be covered
False, you may cut plasters to conform to the surface to be covered
38
Example of Medicated Plaster
Salicylic Acid Plaster
39
Used on the toes for the removal of corns
Salicylic Acid Plaster
40
Where is Salicylic Acid Plaster used, and what is it used for?
Used in the toes to remove corn
41
Concentration of salicylic acid used in commercial
corn plasters
10-40%
42
Plastic masses containing gelatin, glycerin, water, and an added medical substances, such as Zinc Oxide
Glycerogelatins
43
Glycerogelatins are masses containing how many percentage of gelatin, glycerin, water, and medicinal substance
15% Gelatin (fifTIN)
40% Glycerin (kwaRINta)
35% Water (waTER)
10% Medicated substance
44
What is the temperature of Glycerogelatins cooled to be applied?
Slightly above body temperature
45
The most recent official glycerogelatin
Zinc Gelatin
46
Glycerogelatins are usually covered by what?
Bandage
47
Used in the treatment of varicose ulcers.
Zinc Gelatin
It was also known as ZINC GELATIN BOOT because of its ability to form a pressure bandage.
48
Topical dermatologic products are packaged in what?
Jars
Tubes
Syringes
49
Ophthalmic, Nasal, Vaginal, and Rectal Semi Solid Products are packaged in what?
Tubes
Syringes
50
Opaque jars,
used for light sensitive products, are what color
Porcelain white, Dark Green, Amber
51
Accelerated stability testing conditions temperature
40C and 50C
52
When the ointment is to be used for ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, aural, or nasal application, they are packaged with what
Special Applicator Tips
53
Ointment tubes are made of either?
Aluminum or Plastic
54
Tubes generally are coated with an epoxy resin, vinyl, or lacquer to eliminate any interactions
between the contents and the tube
Aluminum Tubes
55
Tubes are made of high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE) or a blend of each,
polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and various plastic, foil, and/or paper laminates,
sometimes 10 layers thick
Plastic Tubes
56
Plastic Tubes:
Soft and resilient, and it provides a good moisture barrier
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
57
Plastic Tubes:
provides a superior moisture barrier but is less resilient.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
58
Plastic Tubes:
high level of heat resistance
Polypropylene (PP)
59
Plastic Tubes:
offers transparency and a high degree of product chemical
compatibility.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
60
Plastic Tubes:
provide an excellent moisture barrier because of the foil content, high durability, and
product compatibility
Laminates
61
Ointments, creams, and gels are most frequently packaged in?
5, 15, and 30g tubes
62
True or False:
The jar size should allow the ointment to reach near the top of the jar but not so high as to touch the lid when closed.
True
63
True or False
Ointments prepared by incorporation may be poured directly into the ointment jar to congeal in it
False, ointments prepared by FUSION may be poured directly into the ointment jar to congeal in it
64
True or False:
Tubes are filled from the open back end of the tube, opposite from the cap end
True
65
What are we trying to prevent in Ointment Jars and Tubes
STRATIFICATION of the components
66
Tubes can be filled using what type of system
Caulking Gun system
67
System where the semisolid is filled into the chamber and the product
is delivered into the tube
caulking gun system
68
Drug penetration into the skin depends on a number of factors, what are these factors?
1. Physicochemical properties of the medicinal substance
2. Characteristics of the pharmaceutical vehicle
3. Condition of skin itself
69
Unless otherwise directed, before applying a dermatologic product, the patient should what?
Thoroughly clean the affected area with soap and water and dry by patting with a soft cloth
70
The patient should be advised if symptoms persist or irritation develops
use of the product should be discontinued, and a physician or pharmacist consulted
71
For patients to have an allergic response, such as a skin
rash, to a topical product as a result of sensitivity to the medicinal agent or pharmaceutic ingredient what should be done?
Alternative product that does not contain the suspected offending agent may be substituted to solve the problem
72
Among the dosage forms used in the topical treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye are
1. Ointments
2. Gels
Others:
3. Solutions
4. Suspensions
5. Inserts
73
The major route by which drugs enter the eye
Simple diffusion via the cornea
74
For drugs that
are poorly absorbed by the cornea, where is its route
Conjunctiva and Sclera provide an alternate route.
75
Which is more capable of penetration, lipophilic drugs or hydrophilic drugs?
Lipophilic drugs
76
True or False:
Compared with ophthalmic solutions, ophthalmic ointments and gels provide extended residence time on the surface of the eye, increasing the duration of their surface effects and bioavailability for absorption into the ocular tissues.
True
Opthalmic ointments & Gels provide extended residence time on the surface of the eye.
77
How fast are ophthalmic ointments cleared from the eye per minute
0.5% per minute
78
How fast are ophthalmic solutions cleared from the eye per minute
16% per minute
79
The USP directs that ophthalmic ointments must be packaged in what
Collapsible ointment tubes
80
These tubes have an
elongated narrow tip to facilitate application of a narrow band of ointment to the eye
Collapsible ointment tubes
81
True or False:
Ointment bases for ophthalmic use should have a softening point close to body temperature, both for comfort and for drug release
True
82
True or False:
Blurry vision after applying OINTMENT SPREADS is dangerous
False, blurred vision will occur as the ointment spreads over the eye and not to be
alarmed
82
When is the best time to apply ophthalmic ointment
At Bedtime
82
True or False:
Ocular products if handled improperly can become contaminated by
bacteria that cause ocular infections
True
83
Substances applied rectally may be absorbed by diffusion into the general circulation via the network of three hemorrhoidal arteries and accompanying veins in the anal canal, namely:
1. Superior Hemorrhoidal Vein
2. Middle Hemorrhoidal Vein
3. Inferior Hemorrhoidal Vein
83
What dosage form is used for enema or irrigation in Rectal Preparations?
Solutions
84
Used for systemic absorption of therapeutic levels of certain drugs when the oral route is unsatisfactory, as during vomiting.
Rectal Route
84
What is used to treat endometrial atrophy
Hormones dienestrol and progesterone
84
Usual pathogenic organisms of vulvovaginal infections and vaginitis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Candida (Monilia) albicans
Haemophilus vaginalis
85
What do Hormones dienestrol and progesterone treat
Endometrial Atrophy
86
Used to restore the vaginal mucosa to its normal state
Hormonal dienestrol and Progesterone
87
Contraceptive preparations that contain spermicidal agents
Nonoxynol-9 and Octoxynol are used alone or in combination with a Cervical Diaphragm
88
For intravaginal treatment, patient uses a what?
Plastic Applicator
89
When once a day administration is prescribed, when is it best done to administer?
At Bedtime
90
True or False:
Patients who are pregnant must not use intravaginal products
True, UNLESS with doctor's approval and supervision
91
True or False:
Tampons are not to be used during intravaginal treatment
True
92
What is used by physicians in rectal, urethral, and vaginal examinations
Unmedicated lubricant jelly
93
The first transdermal system
Transderm Scop (Baxter)
94
What was Transderm Scop used for?
Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with travel, particularly at sea
95
True or False:
The amount of drug percutaneously absorbed per unit of surface area per time interval increases with an increase in the concentration of the drug in the TDDS.
True
96
True or False:
The larger the area of application, less drug is absorbed
False, the larger the area of application, MORE drug is absorbed
97
True or False:
The vehicle should have a greater physicochemical attraction to the skin than to the drug so that the will leave in favor of the vehicle in the skin
FALSE, The DRUG should have a greater physicochemical attraction to the skin than to the vehicle so that the drug will leave the vehicle in favor of the skin
98
Molecular weight of drugs that are adequate lipid and aqueous solubility that can permeate skin
100-800 MW
Ideal Molecular weight: 400 or less
99
True or False:
Hydration of the skin generally favors percutaneous absorption. TDDS acts as an occlusive moisture barrier
through which sweat cannot pass, increasing skin hydration
True
100
True or False
Percutaneous absorption appears to be greater when the TDDS is applied to a site with a thin horny layer than with
a thick one
True
Percutaneous absorption is greater when TDDS applies to asite is THIN rather than THICK
101
Increase skin permeability by reversibly damaging or altering the physicochemical nature of the stratum corneum to reduce its diffusional resistance
Chemical Skin Penetration Enhancer
102
True or False
The longer the medicated application is permitted to remain in contact with the skin, the greater is the total drug absorption
True
103
Some physical methods that are being used to enhance transdermal drug delivery and
penetration
Iontophoresis and Sonophoresis
104
Delivery of a charged chemical compound across the skin membrane using an electrical
field.
Iontophoresis
105
Means to enhance transdermal drug delivery which can influence the integrity of the stratum corneum and thus affect its penetrability.
Sonophoresis/High-Frequency Ultrasound
106
First TDDS to receive FDA approval
Transdermal Scopolamine
107
Used to prevent travel-related motion sickness and nausea and vomiting that result from the use of certain anesthetics and analgesics used in surgery
Transdermal Scopolamine
108
used widely in the prophylactic treatment of Angina
Transdermal Nitroglycerin
109
First transdermal system for hypertension,
Transdermal Clonidine
110
Transdermal therapeutic
system, Boehringer Ingelheim that was marketed in 1985
Catapres-TTS
111
Used as adjuncts (e.g., along with counseling) in smoking cessation programs. They have
been shown to be an effective aid in quitting smoking when used according to product-recommended strategies
Transdermal Nicotine
112
Indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, female hypogonadism, female castration, primary ovarian failure, and atrophic conditions caused by deficient endogenous estrogen production, such as atrophic vaginitis and kraurosis vulvae.
Transdermal Estradiol
113
Available with various delivery rates as hormone replacement therapy in men who have an absence or deficiency of testosterone. For optimal absorption, it is applied to clean, dry scrotal skin that has been dry shaved
Transdermal Testosterone
114
indicated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. The advantage of the transdermal patch is that it can be applied in the morning 2 hours prior to the time the effect is needed, that is, at school, and removed later in the day after school earlier than the 9-hour limit.
Transdermal Methylphenidate
115
What can wet or moist skin do to drug permeation of TDDS
Accelerate drug permeation beyond the intended rate
116
117
After how long can use reuse skin sites?
After a week
Rotating locations is important to allow the skin beneath a patch to regain its normal permeability after being occluded and to prevent skin irritation
