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Human Growth and Development and Embryology > PRELIMS > Flashcards

PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

In your pediatric rehab clinic, a new patient was decked to you. Upon your ocular inspection, you see a marked increased head circumference. You would initially thought for this as:
Select one:
a.Klinefelter’s Syndrome
b.Anencephaly
c.Hydrocephalus
d.Patau Syndrome

A

Hydrocephalus

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2
Q

A patient seen with the following congenital malformations most likely was exposed to which of the teratogens? Limb defects and heart malformation

A

thalidomide

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2
Q

A patient diagnosed with patent foramen ovale will have difficulty of which of the following activities?
Select one:
a.Running
b.Bowel movement
c.Taking a bath
d.Stair negotiation

A

d.Stair negotiation

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2
Q

Which of the following body regions would you first assess if a child was reported to have a failure of cranial neuropore?

A

Trunk

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2
Q

Based on the following findings, what could be the the patient’s diagnosis? Proximal limbs are shortened and the hand or foot is attached to the torso by that shortened limb.

A

Phocomelia

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2
Q

Based on the following findings, what could be the the patient’s diagnosis? Bowed legs and with “S” lateral curvature of the spine.

A

Rickets

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2
Q

amniotic fluid is replaced every _ hrs

A

3hrs

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2
Q

An embryo with the following characteristic may be of what estimated age? Caudal neuropore closed and upper limb buds appear.
Select one:
a.24-25 days
b.26-27 days
c.20-21 days
d.14-15 days

A

a.24-25 days

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2
Q

You were examining a 2-year old patient, the mother handed the results of ancillary procedures done for the patient as well. Upon checking, you noticed that the heart is pointed towards the right, the stomach at the upper left portion of the thorax, and the transverse colon oriented diagonally. What could be the patient’s condition?
Select one:
a.DiGeorge syndrome
b.Situs inversus
c.Sirenomelia

A

b.Situs inversus

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2
Q

An embryo characterized with endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm present, could be what week of gestation?
Select one:
a.3rd week of gestation
b.1st week of gestation
c.4th week of gestation
d.2nd week of gestation

A

c.4th week of gestation

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2
Q

T or F
During pregnancy, corpus luteum is maintained to produce estrogen.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

structure divides the body cavity into thoracic and peritoneal cavities:

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

T or F
distinguishing feature of meiosis from mitosis: 42 chromosomes are halved into 23 chromosomes

A

FALSE
distinguishing feature of meiosis from mitosis: 46 chromosomes are halved into 23 chromosomes

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2
Q

cells of the primitive streak get left behind in the sacrococcygeal region, and these cells develop into tumors

A

sacrococcygeal teratoma

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2
Q

noninvasive technique that utilizes high-frequency sound waves reflected from tissues to create images:

A

ultrasonography

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2
Q

neural plate develops into neural tube:

A

neurulation

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2
Q

closure of caudal neuropore: ___ region

A

lumbosacral

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2
Q

9th week of gestation to birth upper portion of the stomach are retained in the thorax and the stomach is constricted at the level of diaphragm.

A

hormones gives fetus priority on maternal blood glucose

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3
Q

Which of the following conditions would highly affect the gross functional skills of a growing infant?
a.Sacrococcygeal teratoma
b.Situs inversus
c.Kartagener’s syndrome
d.Caudal dysgenesis

A

a.Sacrococcygeal teratoma

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3
Q

T or F
According to chromosome theory of inheritance, traits of new individual are determined by specific genes.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Which of the following features is more carried over to the secondary oocyte than to the polar body giving the former a larger size than the latter?

A

Mitochondria

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3
Q

lack of vitamin d in infants may cause?

A

rickets

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3
Q

Which of the following choices will develop/occur last?
a.Movement of fetus can be felt by the mother
b.Lanugo
c.Respiratory system
d.Reflex activity

A

c.Respiratory system

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3
Q

While you were asking for the 4-months old patient’s history, the mother mentioned that there was a big lump formation at the butt area of her baby. What could be the baby’s condition?

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

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3
Q

Which of the following is the most important structure that should have developed to avoid the case of sirenomelia?
a.Caudal endoderm
b.Cephalic endoderm
c.Cephalic mesoderm
d.Caudal mesoderm

A

d.Caudal mesoderm

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3
Q

Which of the following is the most important to occur first in order for fertilization to go through?

A

Capacitation

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3
Q

Which of the following features of angelman syndrome will greatly affect the developmental milestones of a child?

A

Intellectual disability

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3
Q

Which of the following choices will develop/occur first?
a.Reflex activity
b.Lanugo
c.Movement of fetus can be felt by the mother
d.Respiratory system

A

a.Reflex activity

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3
Q

Which of the following features of angelman syndrome will greatly affect the developmental milestones of a child?

A

Intellectual disability

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3
Q

A pregnant patient who is in her end of 2nd trimester, was referred to you. During history taking, she mentioned that she had her AFP screening yesterday and found that there is an increased levels of AFP. What could this mean?

A

A possible neural tube defect has caused the leaking of AFP.

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3
Q

Which of the following prenatal laboratory is contraindicated in <14 weeks pregnancy?
a.Ultrasonography
b.AFP Screening
c.Amniocentesis
d.Maternal serum screening

A

c.Amniocentesis

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3
Q

perm cells become most motile during ovulation:

A
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3
Q

A mother who is in due delivery was brought to the hospital. She mentioned that her water broke ~30 minutes ago and has felt strong contraction of ~1 minute apart. Which stage of labor could the patient be?
a.Delivery of fetus stage
b.None of the choices
c.Effacement stage

A

a.Delivery of fetus stage

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3
Q

Which of the following structures is derived from intermediate mesoderm?
a.Gonads
b.Circulatory system
c.Sclerotome

A

a.Gonads

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3
Q

Which of the following structures is derived from paraxial mesoderm?

A

Myotome

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3
Q

Which of the following structures is derived from ectoderm?
a.Peripheral nervous system
b.Sclerotome
c.Diaphragm
d.Dermatome

A

a.Peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

T or F
Genes inherited from father and mother could also reflect traits even the traits possessed by an individual’s ancestors.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Which of the following structures are derived from endoderm?
a.Liver parenchyma
b.Myotome
c.Gonads
d.Kidney

A

d.Kidney

3
Q

T or F
consistent with down syndrome: found in males with female-like body structure because of its extra chromosomes

A

FASLE
consistent with klinefelter syndrome: found in males with female-like body structure because of its extra chromosomes

3
Q

What is oogenesis:

A
3
Q

Trophoblast progresses rapidly while bilaminar germ disc develops. On the other hand, primary villi further develops where small capillaries arise.
a. Both statements are true.
B. First statement is false. Second statement is true.
C. Both statements are false.
D. First statement is true. Second statement is false.

A

a. Both statements are true.

4
Q

T or F
Sperm cells can fertilize an egg cell as fast as 30 minutes.

A

TRUE

4
Q

Which of the following is NOT correctly classified as to its location?

A

Connecting stalk - Cephalic

4
Q

How do you differentiate cloacal membrane from oropharyngeal membrane?

A

Primitive streak originates in the former structure.

4
Q

T or F
if implantation does not happen, pregnancy will not occur

A

TRUE

4
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding the main results of fertilization?

A

Restoration of haploid number of chromosomes

4
Q

Which of the following structures are derived from trophoblast?

A

Cytotrophoblast

4
Q

Which of the following would happen last in formation of notochord?

a.Notochord detaches from the endoderm.
b.Migration of epiblast cells to prechordal plate
c.Notochord detaches from ectoderm.
d.Prenotochordal cells become intercalated in the endoderm to form the notochordal plate.

A

d.Prenotochordal cells become intercalated in the endoderm to form the notochordal plate.

4
Q

What would happen first in formation of notochord?

A

Migration of epiblast cells to prechordal plate

4
Q

A birth defect that results with microdeletion of maternal chromosome 15 characterized with unprovoked and prolonged periods of laughter?

A

Angelman Syndrome

4
Q

A birth defect characterized with XO chromosome.

A

Turner Syndrome

4
Q
A
4
Q

A birth defect of an extra chromosome on 21st pair characterized with simian crease and typical facies.

A

Down Syndrome

4
Q

What do you call the division of cytoplasm?

A

cytokinesis

4
Q

A birth defect with an extra X chromosome found in males with feature characteristics of wide hips, poor beard growth, and breast development.

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

4
Q

In this ovarian cycle’s phase, GnRH is set to cause release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.

A

Follicular phaseFollicular phase

4
Q

T or F
narrowest part of the fallopian tube: isthmus

A

TRUE

4
Q

Identified as the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.

A

embryoblast

4
Q

T or F
4th week development: cells migrate to fuse

A

FALSE
2nd week development: cells migrate to fuse

4
Q

Where is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy

A

ampulla

5
Q

how long does capacitation last?

A
5
Q

what do you call the 16-cell embryo composed of inner and outer cells?

A

Morula

5
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A
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5
Q

process of establishment of three germ layers

A
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14
Q

Which of the following is true?
Select one:
Epiblast is adjacent to blastocyst cavity while hypoblast is adjacent to amniotic cavity.
Cytotrophoblast is where mitotic figures are found while syncitiotrophoblast is where these formed cells migrate and fuse.
Primitive yolk sac was formed by the epiblast cells and exocoelomic membrane.

A

Cytotrophoblast is where mitotic figures are found while syncitiotrophoblast is where these formed cells migrate and fuse.

14
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence? i - Capacitation ii - Fertilization iii - Penetration of Corona Radiata iv - Acrosome Reaction v - Penetration of Zona Pellucida
i, iv, v, iii, ii
i, iv, iii, v, ii
iv, i, iii, v, ii
iv, i, v, iii, ii

A

iv, i, v, iii, ii

14
Q

Which of the following is consistent during luteal phase?
There is follicular rupture.
There is an increasse in production of progesterone.
There is a surge of luteinizing hormone.
There is a surge of follicle-stimulating hormone.

A

There is an increasse in production of progesterone.

Human Growth and Development and Embryology (17 decks)

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