Early Childhood Flashcards
T or F
No much physical changes occurs in early childhood,
but there are many cognitive changes
TRUE
T or F
Piaget’s has the most accurate theory
TRUE
T or F
Children understand the world with words– mental
categories of related events, objects, and knowledge
FASLE
Children understand the world with schemes – mental
categories of related events, objects, and knowledge
new experiences that are readily incorporated in existing schemes. When they throw a ball, children know that it
will fall - the scheme
Assimilation
In ___, children will throw things and try to experiment on things, which is their way of discovering things
Assimilation
when schemes are modified based on
experience.
Accommodation
When? (what age)
Runs well, pedals tricycle, broad jumps, walks
upstairs alt feet
3 years
When? (what age)
Walks downstairs alt feet, hops on one foot, sits up
from supine without rotating
4 years
What age?
Skips, tiptoes, balances 10 seconds on each foot
5 years
What stage of development?
preschool and early elementary school years, 2-7 years old
Preoperational
What age?
Continuing refinement of skills
7 years
What age?
Copies circle, overhand throwing, catches with extended arms
3 years
What age?
Rides bicycle, roller skates
6 years
What age?
Handles a pencil by finger and wrist action, copes cross, throws underhand, cuts with scissors
4 years
What age?
Throws diagonal arm and body with rotation, catches
with hands, draws man with head, body, and extremities
5 years
What age?
Prints alphabet, mature throw ball
6 years
What stage of developm,ent?
- infancy, 0-2 years old
o Infancy schemes are based on actions
o They try to group objects based on what they can perform
Sensorimotor
What stage of development?
middle and late elementary
school years, 7-11 years old
o They learn that dogs and cats are conceptual categories
Concrete Operational
What stage of development?
adolescence and adulthood, 11 years old and up
o They increasingly form the abstract properties
o Category ideologies of feminism, racism
Formal Operational
How they discover and understand the environment by using their senses
Sensorimotor
Three characteristics: of Preoperational stage
Egocentrism
Centration
Appearance as Reality
neural structures that are built in and allow the mind to operate
o A healthy brain, no much problems
Mental hardware
T or F
A congenital defect - anencephaly, the brain is not much developed due to the failure of closure of anterior neuropore
TRUE
When we pair neutral and unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
➢ Important because it gives infant a sense of order in their environment
Classical Conditioning
Mental programs basis for performing particular tasks
o Can be advanced overtime
Mental Software
Through it, infants learns that it is a signal from what will happen next
➢ A child may smile when she hears the dog’s collar because she knows that the dog will play with her
Classical Conditioning
Happens when stimuli are associated with feeding or other pleasant events
Classical Conditioning
➢ Reinforcement and punishment
➢ Application of infants from expectation about what will happen in the environment
Operant Conditioning
During tantrums and you give them the ipad, they will know that tantrums will result to watching on the ipad
➢ Negative reinforcement or positive punishment eliminates behavior
Operant Conditioning
Focuses on the relationship between the consequences of their behavior and the likelihood of the behavior to occur
➢ Pleasant consequences will be repeated by children
Operant Conditioning
For the child to get out of the behavior, the child must suppress their urges
➢ When you show them how and activity is done
Imitation
T or F
Pigeat’s theory wherein they need to observe which becomes their behavior is called the imitation theory
FASLE
Bandura’s theory wherein they need to observe which becomes their behavior
They learn by imitating
Quiet hurtful for the parents if they have a certain bad habit, their children adapts those behavior
Imitation
o For the initial storage of information
o Autobiographical memory
Memory
- mature by second year of age
○ Thus, the development of memory refers to both structures
Frontal Cortex
develops during 1st year, matures until 20-24 months of age
Hippocampus
T or F
Expect them (children) to have a solid memory of what happened when they were 1-2 years old
FALSE
Don’t expect them to have a solid memory of what happened when they were 1-2 years old
