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Human Growth and Development and Embryology > Early Childhood > Flashcards

Early Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
No much physical changes occurs in early childhood,
but there are many cognitive changes

A

TRUE

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1
Q

T or F
Piaget’s has the most accurate theory

A

TRUE

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2
Q

T or F
Children understand the world with words– mental
categories of related events, objects, and knowledge

A

FASLE
Children understand the world with schemes – mental
categories of related events, objects, and knowledge

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3
Q

new experiences that are readily incorporated in existing schemes. When they throw a ball, children know that it
will fall - the scheme

A

Assimilation

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4
Q

In ___, children will throw things and try to experiment on things, which is their way of discovering things

A

Assimilation

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5
Q

when schemes are modified based on
experience.

A

Accommodation

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6
Q

When? (what age)
Runs well, pedals tricycle, broad jumps, walks
upstairs alt feet

A

3 years

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7
Q

When? (what age)
Walks downstairs alt feet, hops on one foot, sits up
from supine without rotating

A

4 years

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7
Q

What age?
Skips, tiptoes, balances 10 seconds on each foot

A

5 years

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8
Q

What stage of development?
preschool and early elementary school years, 2-7 years old

A

Preoperational

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9
Q

What age?
Continuing refinement of skills

A

7 years

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9
Q

What age?
Copies circle, overhand throwing, catches with extended arms

A

3 years

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9
Q

What age?
Rides bicycle, roller skates

A

6 years

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10
Q

What age?
Handles a pencil by finger and wrist action, copes cross, throws underhand, cuts with scissors

A

4 years

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11
Q

What age?
Throws diagonal arm and body with rotation, catches
with hands, draws man with head, body, and extremities

A

5 years

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11
Q

What age?
Prints alphabet, mature throw ball

A

6 years

12
Q

What stage of developm,ent?
- infancy, 0-2 years old
o Infancy schemes are based on actions
o They try to group objects based on what they can perform

A

Sensorimotor

13
Q

What stage of development?
middle and late elementary
school years, 7-11 years old
o They learn that dogs and cats are conceptual categories

A

Concrete Operational

13
Q

What stage of development?
adolescence and adulthood, 11 years old and up
o They increasingly form the abstract properties
o Category ideologies of feminism, racism

A

Formal Operational

14
Q

How they discover and understand the environment by using their senses

A

Sensorimotor

14
Q

Three characteristics: of Preoperational stage

A

Egocentrism
Centration
Appearance as Reality

15
Q

neural structures that are built in and allow the mind to operate
o A healthy brain, no much problems

A

Mental hardware

16
Q

T or F
A congenital defect - anencephaly, the brain is not much developed due to the failure of closure of anterior neuropore

A

TRUE

17
Q

When we pair neutral and unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
➢ Important because it gives infant a sense of order in their environment

A

Classical Conditioning

18
Q

Mental programs basis for performing particular tasks
o Can be advanced overtime

A

Mental Software

19
Q

Through it, infants learns that it is a signal from what will happen next
➢ A child may smile when she hears the dog’s collar because she knows that the dog will play with her

A

Classical Conditioning

20
Q

Happens when stimuli are associated with feeding or other pleasant events

A

Classical Conditioning

21
Q

➢ Reinforcement and punishment
➢ Application of infants from expectation about what will happen in the environment

A

Operant Conditioning

21
Q

During tantrums and you give them the ipad, they will know that tantrums will result to watching on the ipad
➢ Negative reinforcement or positive punishment eliminates behavior

A

Operant Conditioning

22
Q

Focuses on the relationship between the consequences of their behavior and the likelihood of the behavior to occur
➢ Pleasant consequences will be repeated by children

A

Operant Conditioning

23
Q

For the child to get out of the behavior, the child must suppress their urges
➢ When you show them how and activity is done

A

Imitation

24
Q

T or F
Pigeat’s theory wherein they need to observe which becomes their behavior is called the imitation theory

A

FASLE
Bandura’s theory wherein they need to observe which becomes their behavior

24
Q

They learn by imitating
Quiet hurtful for the parents if they have a certain bad habit, their children adapts those behavior

A

Imitation

25
Q

o For the initial storage of information
o Autobiographical memory

A

Memory

25
Q
  • mature by second year of age
    ○ Thus, the development of memory refers to both structures
A

Frontal Cortex

26
Q

develops during 1st year, matures until 20-24 months of age

A

Hippocampus

26
Q

T or F
Expect them (children) to have a solid memory of what happened when they were 1-2 years old

A

FALSE
Don’t expect them to have a solid memory of what happened when they were 1-2 years old

Human Growth and Development and Embryology (17 decks)

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