Middle Childhood Flashcards
T or F
Cognitive growth during elementary school years continues at the steady pace established during the preschool years
FALSE
Physical growth during elementary school years continues at the steady pace established during the preschool years
Most children gain about _ pounds and _ to _ inches per year
Most children gain about 8 pounds and 2 to 3 inches per year
Where does most height increase of children come from?
Most of the increase in height comes from the legs and not the trunk
They need a well-balanced diet around ____ to ____calories a day depending on the child’s size and age
They need a well balanced diet around 1700 to
3300 calories a day depending on the child’s size
and age
T or F
Do not skip Lunch, they affect all aspects and
domains of growth
FALSE
Do not skip Breakfast, they affect all aspects and domains of growth
Development of Motor Skills during middle childhood :
Elementary school childrens greater size and strength contribute to improved motor skills
➢ Able to run faster
➢ Throw a ball three times farther than they could at age 6
➢ Able to jump nearly twice as fast
o ___ tend to excel more in fine motor skills and gross motor skills that require flexibility and balance.
o Whilst _____tend to excel in gross motor skill that require strength
o Girls tend to excel more in fine motor skills and gross motor skills that require flexibility and balance.
o Whilst boys tend to excel in gross motor skill that require strength
As they approach ____girls’ bodies tend to have more fat and less muscle than those of boys due to the hormone levels of boys, testosterone. Girls have lesser testosterone
PUBERTY
Being active contains many benefits for children
What are these benefits?
➢ Promotes growth of muscles and bones
➢ Promotes cardiovascular health
➢ Help establish a lifelong pattern of exercise
Children’s greater motor skills imply that they are able to participate in many team sports, which give benefits such as exercise
What are these benefits?
➢ Improve motor skills
➢ Enhance self-esteem
➢ Learn to be initiative
➢ Learn important social skills like teamwork
➢ Help children use emerging cognitive skills for strategy
As much benefits as sports can have, it too has its downsides such as the possibility of fostering What behaviors?
possibility of fostering
delinquent and antisocial behavior
___focuses on things here and now, and solves problems logically, while
____ focuses on the ideas and they hypothesize as they try to predict, and solves problem in an abstract way
Concrete focuses on things here and now, and solve problems logically, while
Formal focuses on the ideas and they hypothesize as they try to predict, and solves problem in an abstract way
What age is Concrete Operational Stage?
Ages 7 to 11
Three important limits of Preoperational thinking
Egocentric
Appearance as reality
Unable to reverse thinking
platform with holes and you have sticks that you shoot it in the hole in ascending order
Cognitive Maps
is when the child considers multiple aspects of a problem which help them solve problems presented to them
Decentration
What age is Formal Operational Stage?
Ages 12 and above
○ Where a relatively small number of thoughts and ideas can be stored briefly
○ Post quizzes tests the working memory
Working Memory
○ A permanent storehouse of knowledge that has unlimited capacity
○ Major examinations tests the long-term memory
○ More of the process and rationalizing
○ Repeated ideas or thoughts can be part of it
Long-term Memory
Memory Stages
Organization
Elaboration
Memory strategy in which information is embellished to make it more memorable
Elaboration
As applied to children’s memory, a strategy in which information to remember is structured so that related information is placed together
○ One technique childrens use to remember ideas
Organization
Person’s informal understanding of memory
o Includes the ability to diagnose memory problems accurately and to monitor the effectiveness of memory strategies
Metamemory
o A person’s knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes
o Understanding of connections between goals, monitoring, outcomes
Metacognitive Knowledge
Skill at identifying goals, selecting effective strategies, and monitoring accurately
o A characteristic of successful students
o Aptitude for School - Theories of Intelligence
Cognitive Self-Regulation
Briefly describe Binet and the Development of Intelligence Testing
By Stanford Binet
❖ Mental Age
❖ Lewis Terman revised Binet and Simon’s test
❖ Intelligence Quotient
o A mathematical representation of how persons scores on an intelligence test in relation to how other people of the same age score
o IQ = (MA/CA) x100
Types of special needs
○ Physical
○ Developmental
○ Behavioral and emotional
○ Sensory impaired
Any child who is naturally endowed with a high
degree of general mental ability or extraordinary
ability in a specific sphere of activity or knowledge
Gifted Child
Characteristics of a gifted child
o Rapid learner
o Excellent memory
o Unusually large vocabulary
o Enjoys solving problems
Special needs of a gifted children
o Interpersonal relationship with peers
o Attention
o Motivation
o Performance anxiety
Tips for Dealing with Child’s Learning Disability
❖ Keep things in perspective
❖ Become your own expert
❖ Be an advocate for your child
❖ Remember that your influence outweighs all others
A disorder that is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity that inhibits with functioning or development
ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Symptoms: of ADHD
○ Excessive talking
○ Excessive physical movement
○ Acting without thinking
○ Constantly fidgeting
Treatments for ADHD
○ Psychotherapy
○ Antistimulant
○ Tricyclic Antidepressant medication
Classroom Treatment for ADHD
○ Behavioral class management
○ Organizational training
Characteristic of children that are raised by Authoritarian parenting
Unhappy
Frequently aggressive
Characteristic of children that are raised by Authoritative parenting
FRIENDLY
high grades
responsible
self reliance
Characteristic of children that are raised by Uninvolved parenting
low academic performance
impulsive
Characteristic of children that are raised by Permissive parenting
may show behavioral problems
doesn’t like rules
Briefly describe the parenting techniques
Authoritarian - strict rules but doesn’t explain
Authoritative - has rules but explains them
Permissive - low parental control but high parental involvement - Uninvolved - least parenting, little to no parental control
What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
knows self and others have different thoughts and feelings but confuse the two
Undifferentiated
3-6 y/o
What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
knows that there is a difference in perspective because others have different information
Social-informational
4-9 y/o
What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
Capable of stepping into another person’s shoes and view
Self-reflective
7-12 y/o
What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
realize that the third person perspective is influenced by other values and cultural norms
Societal
14 y/o to adulthood
What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
child can step outside the situation and see how they are viewed by a third person
Third-person
10-15 y/o
describe 2 forms of control
Psychological control - using thoughts and emotions
Behavioral control - use of rules, limits (have high expectation
