Middle Childhood

Question 1

T or F
Cognitive growth during elementary school years continues at the steady pace established during the preschool years

Answer 1

FALSE
Physical growth during elementary school years continues at the steady pace established during the preschool years

Question 2

Most children gain about _ pounds and _ to _ inches per year

Answer 2

Most children gain about 8 pounds and 2 to 3 inches per year

Question 3

Where does most height increase of children come from?

Answer 3

Most of the increase in height comes from the legs and not the trunk

Question 4

They need a well-balanced diet around ____ to ____calories a day depending on the child’s size and age

Answer 4

They need a well balanced diet around 1700 to
3300 calories a day depending on the child’s size
and age

Question 5

T or F
Do not skip Lunch, they affect all aspects and
domains of growth

Answer 5

FALSE
Do not skip Breakfast, they affect all aspects and domains of growth

Question 6

Development of Motor Skills during middle childhood :

Answer 6

Elementary school childrens greater size and strength contribute to improved motor skills
➢ Able to run faster
➢ Throw a ball three times farther than they could at age 6
➢ Able to jump nearly twice as fast

Question 7

o ___ tend to excel more in fine motor skills and gross motor skills that require flexibility and balance.
o Whilst _____tend to excel in gross motor skill that require strength

Answer 7

o Girls tend to excel more in fine motor skills and gross motor skills that require flexibility and balance.
o Whilst boys tend to excel in gross motor skill that require strength

Question 8

As they approach ____girls’ bodies tend to have more fat and less muscle than those of boys due to the hormone levels of boys, testosterone. Girls have lesser testosterone

Answer 8

PUBERTY

Question 9

Being active contains many benefits for children
What are these benefits?

Answer 9

➢ Promotes growth of muscles and bones
➢ Promotes cardiovascular health
➢ Help establish a lifelong pattern of exercise

Question 10

Children’s greater motor skills imply that they are able to participate in many team sports, which give benefits such as exercise
What are these benefits?

Answer 10

➢ Improve motor skills
➢ Enhance self-esteem
➢ Learn to be initiative
➢ Learn important social skills like teamwork
➢ Help children use emerging cognitive skills for strategy

Question 11

As much benefits as sports can have, it too has its downsides such as the possibility of fostering What behaviors?

Answer 11

possibility of fostering
delinquent and antisocial behavior

Question 12

___focuses on things here and now, and solves problems logically, while
____ focuses on the ideas and they hypothesize as they try to predict, and solves problem in an abstract way

Answer 12

Concrete focuses on things here and now, and solve problems logically, while

Formal focuses on the ideas and they hypothesize as they try to predict, and solves problem in an abstract way

Question 13

What age is Concrete Operational Stage?

Answer 13

Ages 7 to 11

Question 14

Three important limits of Preoperational thinking

Answer 14

Egocentric
Appearance as reality
Unable to reverse thinking

Question 15

platform with holes and you have sticks that you shoot it in the hole in ascending order

Answer 15

Cognitive Maps

Question 16

is when the child considers multiple aspects of a problem which help them solve problems presented to them

Answer 16

Decentration

Question 17

What age is Formal Operational Stage?

Answer 17

Ages 12 and above

Question 18

○ Where a relatively small number of thoughts and ideas can be stored briefly
○ Post quizzes tests the working memory

Answer 18

Working Memory

Question 19

○ A permanent storehouse of knowledge that has unlimited capacity
○ Major examinations tests the long-term memory
○ More of the process and rationalizing
○ Repeated ideas or thoughts can be part of it

Answer 19

Long-term Memory

Question 20

Memory Stages

Answer 20

Organization
Elaboration

Question 21

Memory strategy in which information is embellished to make it more memorable

Answer 21

Elaboration

Question 22

As applied to children’s memory, a strategy in which information to remember is structured so that related information is placed together
○ One technique childrens use to remember ideas

Answer 22

Organization

Question 23

Person’s informal understanding of memory
o Includes the ability to diagnose memory problems accurately and to monitor the effectiveness of memory strategies

Answer 23

Metamemory

Question 24

o A person’s knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes
o Understanding of connections between goals, monitoring, outcomes

Answer 24

Metacognitive Knowledge

Question 25

Skill at identifying goals, selecting effective strategies, and monitoring accurately
o A characteristic of successful students
o Aptitude for School - Theories of Intelligence

Answer 25

Cognitive Self-Regulation

Question 26

Briefly describe Binet and the Development of Intelligence Testing

Answer 26

By Stanford Binet
❖ Mental Age
❖ Lewis Terman revised Binet and Simon’s test
❖ Intelligence Quotient
o A mathematical representation of how persons scores on an intelligence test in relation to how other people of the same age score
o IQ = (MA/CA) x100

Question 27

Types of special needs

Answer 27

○ Physical
○ Developmental
○ Behavioral and emotional
○ Sensory impaired

Question 28

Any child who is naturally endowed with a high
degree of general mental ability or extraordinary
ability in a specific sphere of activity or knowledge

Answer 28

Gifted Child

Question 29

Characteristics of a gifted child

Answer 29

o Rapid learner
o Excellent memory
o Unusually large vocabulary
o Enjoys solving problems

Question 30

Special needs of a gifted children

Answer 30

o Interpersonal relationship with peers
o Attention
o Motivation
o Performance anxiety

Question 31

Tips for Dealing with Child’s Learning Disability

Answer 31

❖ Keep things in perspective
❖ Become your own expert
❖ Be an advocate for your child
❖ Remember that your influence outweighs all others

Question 32

A disorder that is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity that inhibits with functioning or development

Answer 32

ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 33

Symptoms: of ADHD

Answer 33

○ Excessive talking
○ Excessive physical movement
○ Acting without thinking
○ Constantly fidgeting

Question 34

Treatments for ADHD

Answer 34

○ Psychotherapy
○ Antistimulant
○ Tricyclic Antidepressant medication

Question 35

Classroom Treatment for ADHD

Answer 35

○ Behavioral class management
○ Organizational training

Question 36

Characteristic of children that are raised by Authoritarian parenting

Answer 36

Unhappy
Frequently aggressive

Question 37

Characteristic of children that are raised by Authoritative parenting

Answer 37

FRIENDLY
high grades
responsible
self reliance

Question 38

Characteristic of children that are raised by Uninvolved parenting

Answer 38

low academic performance
impulsive

Question 39

Characteristic of children that are raised by Permissive parenting

Answer 39

may show behavioral problems
doesn’t like rules

Question 40

Briefly describe the parenting techniques

Answer 40

Authoritarian - strict rules but doesn’t explain
Authoritative - has rules but explains them
Permissive - low parental control but high parental involvement - Uninvolved - least parenting, little to no parental control

Question 41

What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
knows self and others have different thoughts and feelings but confuse the two

Answer 41

Undifferentiated
3-6 y/o

Question 42

What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
knows that there is a difference in perspective because others have different information

Answer 42

Social-informational
4-9 y/o

Question 42

What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
Capable of stepping into another person’s shoes and view

Answer 42

Self-reflective
7-12 y/o

Question 42

What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
realize that the third person perspective is influenced by other values and cultural norms

Answer 42

Societal
14 y/o to adulthood

Question 42

What age and stage in Selman’s stages of perspective-taking is this characteristic?
child can step outside the situation and see how they are viewed by a third person

Answer 42

Third-person
10-15 y/o

Question 42

describe 2 forms of control

Answer 42

Psychological control - using thoughts and emotions
Behavioral control - use of rules, limits (have high expectation