MIDTERMS

Question 1

The child initially showed no fear of a white rat, but after the rat was paired repeatedly with loud, scary sounds, the child would cry when the rat was present. The child’s fear also generalized to other fuzzy white objects. What is the conditioned response?
a. Child would cry when loud, scary sounds were played.
b. Child would cry when rat was present.
c. Child had no fear of white rat.
d. Child would cry when rat was present while loud, scary sounds were being played.

Answer 1

b. Child would cry when rat was present.

Question 2

According to Piaget’s theory, what are the limits of his theory of cognitive development? Select one:

a. Underestimation of cognitive competence in adolescents, clear processes of change, accounting for variability in children’s performance, recognition of the sociocultural environment.

b. Overestimation of cognitive competence in adolescents, vague processes of change, failure to account for variability in children’s performance, undervaluation of the sociocultural environment.

c. Underestimation of cognitive competence in children, vague processes of change, failure to account for variability in children’s performance, undervaluation of the sociocultural environment.

Answer 2

b. Overestimation of cognitive competence in adolescents, vague processes of change, failure to account for variability in children’s performance, undervaluation of the sociocultural environment.

Question 3

What are some memory strategies that children use? Select one:
a. Reversibility, attention, elaboration
b. Rehearsal, organization, elaboration
c. Organization, attention, elaboration
d. Rehearsal, attention, elaboration

Answer 3

b. Rehearsal, organization, elaboration

Question 4

Ava is passionate about art and has been taking drawing and painting classes for a few years. She’s dedicated to improving her skills and spends a lot of time creating artwork. Ava regularly participates in school art projects and often wins awards for her creativity and talent. Which of the following Erikson’s stages is the individual currently overcoming?
Select one:
a. Identity vs Identity Confusion
b. Integrity vs Despair
c. Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 4

c. Industry vs Inferiority

Question 4

It is the time when a person is particularly open to experiences.
Select one:
a. Sensitive period
b. Normative aspect
c. Critical period
d. Non-normative aspect

Answer 4

a. Sensitive period

Question 4

What does the term “mental operations” refer to?

Answer 4

Actions that can be performed on objects or ideas and consistently yield a result

Question 4

A toddler weighing 6.6 lbs should consume how many calories?
Select one:
a. 330 cal b. 300 kcal
c. 330 kcal d. 300 cal

Answer 4

c. 330 kcal

Question 4

In a normal development, a child currently struggling to develop a lasting, integrated sense of self is at what psychosocial stage? Select one:
a. Intimacy vs Isolation
b. Industry vs Inferiority
c. Identity vs Identity Confusion

Answer 4

c. Identity vs Identity Confusion

Question 5

What is the purpose of make-believe play?
Select one:
a. To explore topics that frighten children
b. To promote cognitive development
c. To entertain children
d. All of the options.

Answer 5

d. All of the options.

Question 5

What are the consequences of secure attachment in infancy? Select one:
a. Greater self-knowledge and self-esteem.
b. Behavior problems involving anxiety, anger, and aggression.

Answer 5

a. Greater self-knowledge and self-esteem.

Question 6

The child initially showed no fear of a white rat, but after the rat was paired repeatedly with loud, scary sounds, the child would cry when the rat was present. The child’s fear also generalized to other fuzzy white objects. Based on the given case, which of the following is the neutral stimulus?
Select one:
a. Child b. White rat
c. Fuzzy white objects d. Loud, scary sounds

Answer 6

White rat

Question 7

What is the main limitation of concrete-operational thinking? Select one:
a. Limited ability to understand others’ perspectives
b. Limited ability to reverse thinking
c. Limited ability to think abstractly and hypothetically
d. Limited ability to perform mental operations

Answer 7

c. Limited ability to think abstractly and hypothetically

Question 7

This reflex helps the baby cling to its mother.
Select one:
a. Sucking
b. Palmar
c. Rooting
d. Moro

Answer 7

d. Moro

Question 7

Difficulty in seeing the world from another’s point of view.
Select one:
a. Egocentrism
b. Exocentric
c. Centration

Answer 7

a. Egocentrism

Question 8

All of the following skills are possessed by a 10-month old child except:
Select one:
a. Drinks from cup neatly
b. Cruises
c. Head midline
d. Turns to supine

Answer 8

a. Drinks from cup neatly

Question 8

The microsystem consists of people closest to a person such as immediate family members. On the other hand, mesosystem is the connection across microsystems because what happen in one microsystem is likely to affect the others. Select one:
a. First statement is true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. Second statement is true.
d. Both statements are true.

Answer 8

a. First statement is true.

Question 9

What is the most effective parenting style?
Select one:
a. Authoritarian
b. Authoritative
c. Uninvolved
d. Permissive

Answer 9

Authoritative

Question 9

When does parallel play typically emerge?
Select one:
a. Middle and late elementary school years (7-11 years)
b. Infancy (0-2 years)
c. Preschool and early elementary school years (2-7 years)
d. Adolescence and adulthood (11 years and up)

Answer 9

c. Preschool and early elementary school years (2-7 years)

Question 10

A baby was born but appears centrally cyanotic with 70 bpm detected, and minimal facial reaction to stimulation. However, the baby moves all his limbs vigorously while crying out loud. Upon assessment of the newborn baby, you assessed that the head circumference was 35 cm. What is the implication of the measurement?
Select one:
a. The head is abnormally small.
b. None of the options.
c. The head circumference is normal.
d. The head is abnormally larger for his age.

Answer 10

c. The head circumference is normal.

Question 10

A 3-month-old baby named Liam lying on his back in a crib. As Liam’s head is gently turned to the right, his right arm will extend straight out in the direction of the turned head, as if he were reaching for something on that side. This is normal until ______.
Select one:
a. 8-12 months
b. 4-8 months
c. 10-12 months
d. 4-6 months old

Answer 10

d. 4-6 months old

Question 11

Infants prefer ______________ by smiling, sucking and licking their lips. Select one:
a. sweet and salty b. salty and sour
c. bitter and sweet d. sour and sweet

Answer 11

a. sweet and salty

Question 12

What is the difference between secure and insecure attachment?
Select one:
a. Secure attachment is characterized by seeking comfort from the mother, while insecure attachment is characterized by avoiding the mother.
b. Secure attachment is characterized by trusting the mother, while insecure attachment is characterized by mistrust.
c. Secure attachment is characterized by being upset when the mother leaves, while insecure attachment is characterized by being unaffected by the mother’s absence.
d. Secure attachment is characterized by a strong emotional bond, while insecure attachment is characterized by a weak emotional bond.

Answer 12

d. Secure attachment is characterized by a strong emotional bond, while insecure attachment is characterized by a weak emotional bond.

Question 13

A 4-month old baby throws his arms out and then inward when you suddenly lowered his head and body. You saw that the mother seemed anxious when she saw what happened, your response would be?
Select one:
a. “I’m sorry the baby almost fell.”
b. Ignore the mother’s response and go on with the evaluation to avoid any biased response from the mother.
c. “I was evaluating your baby’s response, and this is an abnormal response.”
d. “It was not a careless act, but this was part of the evaluation. The baby’s response is normal.”

Answer 13

d. “It was not a careless act, but this was part of the evaluation. The baby’s response is normal.”

Question 13

Operant conditioning focuses on the relation between the consequences of behavior and the likelihood that the behavior will recur. When a child’s behavior leads to pleasant consequences, the child will probably behave differently in the future.
Select one:
a. Second statement is true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. Both statements are true.
d. First statement is true.

Answer 13

a. Second statement is true.

Question 13

Operant conditioning focuses on the relation between the consequences of behavior and the likelihood that the behavior will recur. When a child’s behavior leads to pleasant consequences, the child will probably behave differently in the future.
Select one:
a. Both statements are false.
b. Both statements are true.
c. Firsts statement is true.
d. Second statement is true.

Answer 13

d. Second statement is true.

Question 14

A baby was born but appears centrally cyanotic with 70 bpm detected, and minimal facial reaction to stimulation. However, the baby moves all his limbs vigorously while crying weakly. What could be the initial APGAR score?

Answer 14

6

Question 15

A 3-yr old child was with her parents for consult and you saw that she can only stand momentarily. You expect that most likely she cannot ________________.
Select one:
a. Creep on all fours
b. Seats self in chair
c. Pivot in sitting

Answer 15

b. Seats self in chair

Question 15

Low levels of fitness in children can be attributed to the following, except:
Select one:
a. Once a week sports activities
b. Physical education held thrice a week
c. Sedentary lifestyle
d. Dependence on electronic gadgets

Answer 15

b. Physical education held thrice a week

Question 15

A 6 month-old child was presented with a shapeshift toy. She was assisted by her mother where to fit the shape blocks to its corresponding holes. The next day, the child seem to not remember how to play the shapeshift toy. What could be the reason for this certain observation?

Answer 15

d. Her hippocampus is still underdeveloped which is responsible for retrieving stored memories.

Question 16

An infant weighing 7 lbs should consume how many calories? Select one:
a. 300 calories b. 500 calories
c. 700 calories d. 350 calories

Answer 16

d. 350 calories

Question 16

A professor tells students that if they have perfect attendance all semester, then they do not have to take the final comprehensive exam. What the professor did can be identified as?
Select one:
a. Positive punishment
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Negative reinforcement
d. Negative punishment

Answer 16

c. Negative reinforcement

Question 17

Which of the following is a limitation of Piaget’s theory? Select one:
a. States that children greatly learn from experience only.
b. Disregards the influence of sociocultural environment on cognitive development.
c. Undervalues the innate cognitive development of each child.

Answer 17

b. Disregards the influence of sociocultural environment on cognitive development.

Question 17

Which of the following would disintegrate last in a synaptic pruning event?
Select one:
a. Positioning sense of holding a crayon at full length.
b. A simple dance step taught in a nursery class.
c. Planning of constructing her own house play.
d. An expression of I love you taught in Japanese language.

Answer 17

c. Planning of constructing her own house play.

Question 18

What is the relationship between heredity and intelligence?
Select one:
a. Environment is the sole determiner of intelligence.
b. Heredity has no influence on intelligence.
c. Heredity is the sole determiner of intelligence.
d. Both heredity and environment contribute to intelligence.

Answer 18

d. Both heredity and environment contribute to intelligence.

Question 18

At what age do infants have a full understanding of object permanence, according to Piaget? Select one:
a. Approximately 12 months
b. Approximately 24 months
c. Approximately 8 months

Answer 18

c. Approximately 8 months

Question 19

Which of the following Selman stages knows that there is difference in perspective because others have different information? Select one:
a. Social-informational b. Undifferentiated
c. Societal d. Self-reflective

Answer 19

a. Social-informational

Question 19

Accommodation occurs when schemes are ___________ based on experience.
Select one:
a. incorporated
b. modified
c. rejected
d. Ignored

Answer 19

b. modified

Question 19

You just finished your exam and you noticed that your other classmates stack separately their exam questionnaire and scantron. Even without verbal instruction, you followed the same pattern. Which theory of behaviorism does this apply? Select one:
a. Operant conditioning
b. Bandura’s theory
c. Classical conditioning

Answer 19

a. Operant conditioning

Question 20

In early childhood, hippocampus matures by (howold)

Answer 20

2nd year of age

Question 20

During infancy, most schemes are based on ____________. Select one:
a. functional relationships
b. abstract properties
c. physical activity

Answer 20

a. functional relationships

Question 20

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and the senses is called?
Select one:
a. Psychosocial
b. None of these
c. Cognitive
d. Physical

Answer 20

Cognitive

Question 21

What are three important limits of preoperational thinking?
Select one:
a. Egocentrism, confusion of reality with appearances, inability to understand others’ perspectives
b. Egocentrism, confusion of appearances with reality, inability to reverse thinking
c. Egocentrism, confusion of appearances with reality, inability to understand others’ perspectives
d. Egocentrism, confusion of reality with appearances, inability to reverse thinking

Answer 21

c. Egocentrism, confusion of appearances with reality, inability to understand others’ perspectives

Question 21

The child initially showed no fear of a white rat, but after the rat was paired repeatedly with loud, scary sounds, the child would cry when the rat was present. The child’s fear also generalized to other fuzzy white objects. What type of behaviorism was used?
Select one:
a. Observational learning
b. Social learning
c. Classical conditioning
d. Operant conditioning

Answer 21

c. Classical conditioning

Question 22

What type of play involves children playing together with a common theme and taking on special roles?
Select one:
a. Cooperative play
b. Solitary play

Answer 22

a. Cooperative play

Question 23

What is the recommended amount of physical activity for children each day? Select one:
a. 90 minutes
b. 30 minutes
c. 120 minutes
d. 60 minutes

Answer 23

d. 60 minutes

Question 23

All of the following skills are possessed by a 4-years old child except:
Select one:
a. Sits up from supine position without rotating
b. Walks upstairs with alternating feet
c. Bangs objects
d. Throws with diagonal arm and body rotation

Answer 23

b. Walks upstairs with alternating feet

Question 24

According to Piaget, what do children create to understand the world?
Select one:
a. Theories b. Experiments c. Schemes d. Ideas

Answer 24

b. Experiments

Question 25

At about ________, infants can successfully reach objects. Select one:
a. 12 months b. 10 months
c. 8 months d. 4 months

Answer 25

c. 8 months

Question 26

A teen girl does not clean up her room as she was asked, so her parents take away her phone for the rest of the day. What her parents did can be identified as?
a. Negative punishment b. Positive punishment
c. Positive reinforcement d. Negative reinforcement

Answer 26

a. Negative punishment

Question 26

Which of the following describes “broad retrieval ability”?
Select one:
a. Rate of test taking
b. Spatial relations
c. Ideational fluency

Answer 26

c. Ideational fluency

Question 26

What is metacognition?

Answer 26

Children’s understanding of memory and cognitive processes.

Question 27

Infants and toddlers are capable of classical conditioning when the stimuli are associated with feeding or other pleasant events. It is more difficult to demonstrate classical conditioning in infants and toddlers when the stimuli are aversive.
Select one:
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. Firsts statement is true.
d. Second statement is true. (?)

Answer 27

d. Second statement is true. (?)

Question 27

A 6 month-old child was presented with a shapeshift toy. She was assisted by her mother where to fit the shape blocks to its corresponding holes. The next day, the child seem to not remember how to play the shapeshift toy. What could be the reason for this certain observation?
Select one:
a. Her hippocampus is still underdeveloped which is responsible for retrieving stored memories.
b. The child may have a visual impairment.
c. The child has a cognitive developmental delay.
d. Her frontal cortex is still underdeveloped which is responsible for retrieving stored memories.

Answer 27

d. Her frontal cortex is still underdeveloped which is responsible for retrieving stored memories.

Question 27

You were facilitating a group pediatric therapy session when you noticed a 3 year-old child lively and happily participating in the activity. When asked to arrange wood block toys according to shape, length, and color, she was eager and paid much attention in finishing the task. Although she was not able to arrange it all correctly. What could be the pattern of her temperament from your observation?
Select one:
a. High negative affect and high surgency
b. Low negative affect and low effortful control
c. Low negative affect and high effortful control

Answer 27

c. Low negative affect and high effortful control

Question 27

This reflex permits the baby for breastfeeding.

Answer 27

b. Sucking

Question 28

What is the primary reason for early segregation of playmates by sex?
Select one:
a. Cultural norms that discourage mixed-gender play.
b. Different play styles between boys and girls.
c. Lack of interest in playing with the opposite sex.
d. All of the options.

Answer 28

b. Different play styles between boys and girls.

Question 28

Which of the following is true about infancy period?
Select one:
a. Clearly defined biological boundaries
b. Develops self-control
c. Dependent to adults until they become self-reliant
d. Birth to five years old

Answer 28

c. Dependent to adults until they become self-reliant

Question 28

All of the following skills are possessed by a 7-month old child except:
Select one:
a. Increased lumbar lordosis
b. head held when pulled to sit
c. Hands mostly open
d. Cervical lordosis

Answer 28

a. Increased lumbar lordosis

Question 29

What is object permanence? Select one:
a. The understanding that objects can be lifted with one hand.
b. The ability to anticipate the consequence of closing a door.
c. The understanding that objects exist independently of our actions and thoughts toward them.
d. The ability to use symbols.

Answer 29

c. The understanding that objects exist independently of our actions and thoughts toward them.

Question 29

One afternoon, while Alex is playing in the backyard, a sudden, loud clap of thunder occurs just as a dark cloud covers the sun. Alex becomes frightened by the loud noise and associates it with the dark cloud. According to classical conditioning concept, which of the following is the neutral stimulus?
Select one:
a. Thunderstorm
b. Fear
c. Loud noise
d. Dark clouds

Answer 29

d. Dark clouds

Question 29

All of the following skills are possessed by a 3-years old child except:
Select one:
a. Cuts with scissors
b. Runs well
c. Pedals tricycle
d. Can walk backward

Answer 29

a. Cuts with scissors

Question 29

Apparently, children are first self-aware at age three. Self-aware is when they first recognize themselves in a mirror and in photographs.
Select one:
a. Both statements are true.
b. Second statement is true.
c. Firsts statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.

Answer 29

b. Second statement is true.

Question 30

According to the information-processing approach, how does cognitive development occur?

Answer 30

Through increases in the efficiency of processing information.

Question 30

Determination of the baby’s gender depends on _________. Select one:
a. Sperm’s chromosome set
b. Zygote’s division
c. Egg’s chromosome set
d. Blastocyst formation

Answer 30

a. Sperm’s chromosome set

Question 31

You were facilitating a group pediatric therapy session when you noticed a 3 year-old child lively and happily participating in the activity. When asked to arrange wood block toys according to shape, length, and color, she was eager and paid much attention in finishing the task. Although she was not able to arrange it all correctly. What could be the pattern of her temperament from your observation?
Select one:
a. Low negative affect and low effortful control
b. Low negative affect and high effortful control
c. High negative affect and high effortful control
d. Low surgency and high effortful control

Answer 31

b. Low negative affect and high effortful control

Question 31

In this period, an individual starts to cope with responsibilities of acquiring job skills.
Select one:
a. Late adulthood
b. Middle adulthood
c. Young adulthood
d. Adolescence

Answer 31

d. Adolescence

Question 32

What are the four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget?
Select one:
a. Basic trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority
b. Infancy, preschool and early elementary school years, middle and late elementary school years, adolescence and adulthood
c. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
d. Preattachment, attachment in the making, true attachment, reciprocal relationships

Answer 32

c. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 33

How do gender differences manifest in motor skills?

Answer 33

Girls excel in fine motor skills, while boys excel in gross motor skills.

Question 34

What is assimilation?

Answer 34

When new experiences are incorporated into existing schemes.

Question 35

How does socioeconomic status impact parenting style? Select one:
a. Parents of higher socioeconomic status are more controlling and punitive.
b. Parents of lower socioeconomic status are more warm and responsive.
c. Parenting style is not influenced by socioeconomic status.
d. Parents of lower socioeconomic status are more controlling and less warm.

Answer 35

a. Parents of higher socioeconomic status are more controlling and punitive

Question 35

A child with corrected age of 10 months old was assigned to you for physical therapy evaluation. Upon history taking you noted that the child was born prematurely at 35 weeks old. What could be the chronological age of the child? Select one:
a. 35 weeks old b. 45 weeks old
c. 40 weeks old d. 50 weeks old

Answer 35

b. 45 weeks old

Question 35

A baby was born but appears centrally cyanotic with 70 bpm detected, and minimal facial reaction to stimulation. However, the baby moves all his limbs vigorously while crying weakly. What is the significance of his APGAR score? Select one:
a. None of the choices.
b. The newborn needs special attention and care.
c. It signals a life-threatening situation requiring emergency care.
d. The baby is in good physical condition.

Answer 35

b. The newborn needs special attention and care.

Question 35

What are schemes? Select one:
a. Actions that infants can perform on objects.
b. Psychological structures that organize experience.
c. Mental categories of related events, objects, and knowledge.
d. Theories about how the world works.

Answer 35

b. Psychological structures that organize experience.

Question 35

Participating in sports may give benefit such as the following, except: Select one:
a. Enhance self-esteem
b. Learn to be initiative
c. Depress strategic thinking skills
d. Improve motor skills

Answer 35

Depress strategic thinking skills

Question 36

hich of the following falls under development?
Select one:
a. Skills b. Height
c. Weight d. Head circumference

Answer 36

a. Skills

Question 36

A 7-month old child born premature (34 weeks) was scheduled for pediatric consultation. What could be the adjusted age of the child? Select one:
a. 22 weeks old b. 26 weeks old
c. 34 weeks old d. 38 weeks old

Answer 36

c. 34 weeks old

Question 36

What type of play involves children playing alone but maintaining a keen interest in what another child is doing? Select one:
a. Cooperative play b. Solitary play
c. Make-believe play d. Parallel play

Answer 36

d. Parallel play

Question 36

What is the hierarchical theory of intelligence? Select one:
a. The idea that intelligence is influenced by both genetics and environment.
b. The idea that intelligence is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
c. The idea that intelligence is a single, general factor that influences performance on all mental tests.
d. The idea that intelligence consists of distinct abilities that are separate from general intelligence.

Answer 36

d. The idea that intelligence consists of distinct abilities that are separate from general intelligence.

Question 36

How does parenting style vary across cultures? Select one:
a. Cultural values have no impact on parenting style.
b. The emphasis on warmth and control varies across cultures.
c. There are no cultural differences in parenting style.
d. Authoritative parenting is universally preferred.

Answer 36

. The emphasis on warmth and control varies across cultures.

Question 37

What type of play involves children playing alone but maintaining a keen interest in what another child is doing? Select one:
a. Cooperative play b. Solitary play
c. Make-believe play d. Parallel play

Answer 37

d. Parallel play

Question 38

At what age do children begin to prefer playing with same-sex peers? Select one:
a. 4-5 years old b. 8-9 years old
c. 2-3 years old d. 6-7 years old

Answer 38

c. 2-3 years old

Question 39

Infants respond to pleasant and smell only. They also tend to look in a direction saturated with their own amniotic fluid. Select one:
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. First statement is true.
d. Second statement is true.

Answer 39

Second statement is true.

Question 40

Participating in sports may give benefit such as the following, except: Select one:
a. Enhance self-esteem
b. Depress strategic thinking skills
c. Learn initiative

Answer 40

b. Depress strategic thinking skills

Question 40

John, a young and idealistic politician, enters public office with a strong commitment to serve his community honestly and ethically. He genuinely believes in the power of government to make positive changes in people’s lives. However, as he becomes more deeply involved in the political system, he encounters a society and political environment that can be corrupting. Over time, John witnesses his colleagues engaging in various unethical practices, such as accepting bribes, manipulating the media, and making false promises to constituents to gain votes. He realizes that those who are involved in these practices often achieve more power and influence. In this environment, John begins to feel immense pressure to compromise his principles in order to advance his own political career. This is in line with which of the following’s theory?
Select one:
a. Locke b. Rosseau
c. Skinner d. Vygotzsky

Answer 40

. Rosseau

Question 41

What is the term for the process of adapting to and exploring the environment? Select one:
a. Schemes b. Assimilation
c. Accomodation d. Equilibration

Answer 41

d. Equilibration

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT an example of seriation? Select one:
a. Arranging wooden blocks from shortest to longest.
b. Falling in line by height
c. Arranging the wooden blocks following the ROYGBIV color pattern.
d. Stacking of same type of chairs.

Answer 41

d. Stacking of same type of chairs.

Question 41

How do formal-operational adolescents approach problem-solving differently from concrete-operational children? Select one:
a. They understand the abstract nature of problems and use combinatorial reasoning
b. They rely on their experience rather than logical necessity
c. They focus on concrete acts rather than abstract reasoning

Answer 41

a. They understand the abstract nature of problems and use combinatorial reasoning

Question 41

What is one important element of metamemory? Select one:
a. Children’s ability to monitor the effectiveness of their memory strategies.
b. Children’s ability to diagnose memory problems accurately.
c. Children’s ability to evaluate their own knowledge and understanding.
d. Children’s ability to set goals and select appropriate strategies.

Answer 41

a. Children’s ability to monitor the effectiveness of their memory strategies.

Question 41

What is one key characteristic of concrete-operational thinking? Select one:
a. Abstract thinking b. Hypothetical reasoning
c. Reversibility of thinking d. Egocentrism

Answer 41

c. Reversibility of thinking

Question 41

Low levels of fitness in children can be attributed to the following, except: Select one:
a. Physical education held thrice a week
b. Dependence on electronic gadgets
c. Once a week sports activities
d. Sedentary lifestyle

Answer 41

a. Physical education held thrice a week

Question 41

A 2-year-old child was left alone momentarily by her mother. She stayed calm but when the mother came back, she ignores her by looking or turning away. What form of attachment is this?
Select one:
a. Disorganized b. Resistant
c. Secure d. Avoidant

Answer 41

d. Avoidant

Question 42

If you fail to hand in a project on time, your boss becomes angry and berates your performance in front of your co-workers. How do you call the boss’ reaction? Select one:
a. Positive punishment b. Positive reinforcement
c. Negative reinforcement d. Negative punishment

Answer 42

a. Positive punishment

Question 42

Fetus can hear by _________ gestation age and may respond to sounds

Answer 42

3 months

Question 43

At about ________, infants can successfully reach objects. (age)

Answer 43

4 months

Question 44

All of the following are recognized as “mental hardware” except: Select one:
a. Midbrain
b. Axons
c. Frontal lobe
d. Leadership skill

Answer 44

d. Leadership skill

Question 45

Infants and toddlers are capable of classical conditioning when the stimuli are associated with feeding or other pleasant events. It is more difficult to demonstrate classical conditioning in infants and toddlers when the stimuli are aversive.
Select one:
a. Both statements are false.
b. Both statements are true.
c. Second statement is true.
d. First statement is true.

Answer 45

d. First statement is true.

Question 46

What is the term for the process of establishing a sense of trust in oneself and others?
Select one:
a. Basic trust versus mistrust
b. Initiative versus guilt
c. Industry versus inferiority

Answer 46

a. Basic trust versus mistrust

Question 47

A lab rat presses a blue button, he receives a food pellet, but when he presses the red button he receives a mild electric shock. As a result, he learns to press the blue button but avoid the red button. What is the food pellet? Select one:
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Negative punishment
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Positive punishment

Answer 47

c. Positive reinforcement

Question 48

At what age does one need to develop a sense that the world is safe?

Answer 48

Birth to 1 year