DEATH AND BEREAVEMENT

Question 1

The term “mate” is used by Melanesians to describe ?

Answer 1

The term “mate” is used by Melanesians to describe the terminally ill, the very old, and the deceased

Question 2

death is lack of heartbeat and respiration

Answer 2

Clinical Death

Question 3

Whole-brain Death
➢ A deceased is declared when it meets the eight criteria established in 1981
What are these criteria?

Answer 3

1. No spontaneous movement in response to any stimuli
2. No spontaneous respirations for at least one hour
3. Total lack of responsiveness to even the most painful stimuli
4. No eye movements, blinking, or pupil responses
5. No postural activity, swallowing, yawning, or vocalizing
6. No motor reflexes
7. A flat electroencephalogram (EEG) for at least ten minutes
8. No change in any of these criteria when tested again after 24 hours

Question 3

The study of the interface between technological advances and human values in health and life sciences
o Emphasizes the significance of individual decision and preference

Answer 3

Bioethics

Question 4

The practice of ending person’s life for reasons of
mercy

Answer 4

Euthanasia

Question 5

Involves the deliberate ending of someone’s life,
that may be based on a clear statement of the
person’s wishes or be a decision made by
someone else who has the legal authority to do
so, voluntarily

Answer 5

Active Euthanasia

Question 5

Involves allowing a person to die by withholding
available treatment, involuntarily

Answer 5

Passive Euthanasia

Question 6

It is the anxiety that many people feel when they are dying or close to death
o There is no concrete evidence of construct that make people anxious about dying, it is rather the unknown nature of death

Answer 6

Death Anxiety

Question 6

Where doctors give dying patients a lethal amount of medication, which the patient then self- administers

Answer 6

Passive-Assisted Suicide

Question 6

The person’s cortical functioning ceases while the brainstem activity continues, and from which the person does not recover

Answer 6

Persistent vegetative state

Question 7

The theory proposes that the most basic motive is continuing to live
o An application of the theory is the existence of older adults
o According to the theory, healthier decisions are made by people with death anxiety
o A person’s concern about mortality affect their health related decisions

Answer 7

Terror Management Theory

Question 7

Components of Death Anxiety

Answer 7

o Body malfunction
○ Nonbeing
o Humiliation
○ Punishment
o Interruption of goals
○ Rejection
o Being destroyed
o Negative impact on survivors

Question 7

Allows for spontaneous heartbeat and respiration but not for consciousness

Answer 7

Persistent vegetative state

Question 8

Management of the final phase of life, after-death disposition of their body and memorial services, and distribution of assets
➢ Most people want to discuss arrangements if given the chance
➢ Allows one to consider traditional care and alternatives
➢ People can make a will to make sure their wishes are carried out

Answer 8

End of Life Issues

Question 8

Manages the care needs of a person at the end of life and supports families the final months and weeks of life
o Makes the person as peaceful and comfortable as possible, rather than postponing an unavailable death

Answer 8

Hospice

Question 8

Affirming love and resolving conflicts in relationships are important parts of this process
➢ Healthcare workers recognize the importance of ___and give patients the chance to create one

Answer 8

Final Scenario

Question 9

Risk factors that affects bereavement

Answer 9

mode of death
Personal factors
Income
Interpersonal context
Attachment theory

Question 9

focuses on relieving pain and other disease symptoms at any stage of the disease process

Answer 9

Palliative Care

Question 9

Approach to assisting dying people
Emphasis on Pain management, Palliative care, and death with dignity

Answer 9

Hospice

Question 10

Grief Process (stages of Grief)

Answer 10

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 10

o Emotions usually involved in grief are sadness, denial, anger, loneliness, and guilt
o Coping, Affect, Change, Narrative, Relationship

Answer 10

Feeling of Grief

Question 11

Loss-oriented Stressors - grief work that needs to be done
o Restoration-oriented Stressors - adapting to the survivors new life situation

Answer 11

Dual-Process Model of Coping with Bereavement

Question 11

Model of Adaptive Grieving Dynamics

Answer 11

o Lamenting ○ Heartening
o Integrating ○ Tempering

Question 12

Models for Coping with Grief

Answer 12

Four-Component Model
Dual-Process Model of Coping with Bereavement
Model of Adaptive Grieving Dynamics

Question 12

The context of loss, referring to the risk factors such as whether the death was expected
o Continuation of subjective meaning associated with loss, ranging from evaluations of everyday concerns to major questions about the meaning of life
o Changing representation of the lost relationship over time
o Role of coping and emotion regulation processes that cover all coping strategies used to deal with grief

Answer 12

Four-Component Model

Question 13

Person is brooding over the death his or her loved one to the point that it affects his or her own life

Answer 13

Separation distress

Question 13

Inability of a person to cope and rebuild a life after a death of a loved one for more than a year

Answer 13

Prolonged Grief Disorder

Question 14

Feeling of shock and experiencing the physical presence of the diseased
-more physical that separation distress

Answer 14

Traumatic distress

Question 14

Difference between capacity and competency determination

Answer 14

Capacity determination - the capacity to make decisions, which is a clinical determination
The issue is whether on a specific task the individual is able to make a decision and the abilities necessary are subject to measurement

• Competency determination - made legally by the court - The individual is being judged with respect to a specific task or in general and the determination can be made subjectively by the court