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Human Growth and Development and Embryology > LATE ADULTHOOD > Flashcards

LATE ADULTHOOD Flashcards

1
Q

Theory where,
The rate of creature’s metabolism is related to how long it lives
➢ Organism have much energy to expend in a lifetime

A

Rate of Living Theory

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2
Q

theory that states the increase caloric intake the lesser the lifespan of the individual will be

A

Rate of Living Theory

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2
Q

Cellular theories (3)

A
  • number of times cells can divide
    Cross Linking
    Free Radicals
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3
Q

Theory wherein,
Process in which certain proteins in human cells interact randomly and produce molecules that are linked in such a way as to make the body stiffer

A

Second Theory - Cross Linking

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3
Q

Theory wherein,
There is only a limit of cell division

A

First Theory - number of times cells can divide

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4
Q

Theory wherein,
More commercially recognized \
o Highly reactive chemicals produced randomly in normal metabolism

A

Third Theory - Free Radicals

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5
Q

T or F
Telomerase - a protein

A

FALSE
Telomerase - an enzyme

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5
Q

adjusts the cell’s response to stress and growth stimulation based on cell division and DNA damage

A

Telomeres

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5
Q
  • Proteins which make up roughly 1⁄3 of the body
  • Acts much like reinforcing rods in concrete
A

Collagen

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6
Q

Could explain why muscle becomes stiff at older age and manifest such diseases more common in late adulthood

A

Second Theory - Cross Linking

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7
Q

When these molecules interact with nearby molecules, problems may result
Unusable molecules

A

Free Radicals

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8
Q

Substances that prevent the development of free radicals in the first place prevent oxygen from combining with susceptible molecules

A

Antioxidants

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9
Q

Examples of antioxidants

A

Vitamins A, C, and E, and coenzyme Q

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9
Q

This appears to be a function of physiological processes, the innate ability of cells to self-destruct, and the ability of dying cells to trigger key processes in other cells

A

Programmed Cell Death

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10
Q

Result of damages and dying neurons sometimes collect around a core of protein
Defining criteria for dementia

A

Neurotic Plaques

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10
Q

What disease has a massive decrease in dopamine

A

Parkinson’s

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11
Q

Aside from dopamine what is one of the neurotransmitter that has a massive decrease?

A

MAlatonin

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12
Q

Fibers that compose the axon sometimes become twisted together to form spiral-shaped masses
Associated with Alzheimer’s

A

Neurofibrillary Tangles

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12
Q

Management for chronic diseases

A

Exercise, low-fat diet, decrease stress (these are not sure but it slows down the development)

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13
Q

T or F
most common cause of death in Late adulthood are chronic diseases

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Some dendrites shrivel up and die, making it more difficult for neurons to communicate with each other and transmit information

A

Dendritic Changes

14
Q

Are caused by interruptions in the blood flow in the brain due to blockage or a hemorrhage in acerebral artery

A

Strokes or Cerebral Vascular Accidents

14
Q

May be caused by clots of by deposits of fatty substances due to atherosclerosis
o Hemorrhages are caused by ruptures of the artery

A

Strokes or Cerebral Vascular Accidents

15
Q

Treatment for Stroke or CVA

A

➢ Clot-dissolving drug tissue plasminogen activator, tPA
➢ Is the only approved treatment for CVAs caused by blood clots, at about 80% of all CVAs
➢ Not every patient should receive tPA treatment
➢ Effective only if given promptly, 3 hours after onset of stroke

15
Q

➢ Difficulty in seeing close objects clearly
➢ The time our eyes need to change focus from near to far, or vice versa, increases

A

Presbyopia

16
Q

o Interruption of blood flow to the brain
o Often an early warning signs of stroke

A

Transient Ischemic Attacks

16
Q

Affects the ability to see details and to discriminate different visual patterns

A

Acuity

17
Q

o Opaque spots that may develop on the lens, which limits the amount of light transmitted
o Often are treated by surgical removal and use of corrective lenses

A

Cataracts

18
Q

o The fluid in the eye may not drain properly, causing very high internal pressure
o Usually treated with eye drop

A

Glaucoma

18
Q

➢ Reduced sensitivity to high-pitched tones
➢ Presbycusis results from four types of
changes in the inner ear

A

Presbycusis

18
Q

What are:
Metabolic Presbycusis
Mechanical Presbycusis

A

Metabolic Presbycusis - produces severe loss of sensitivity to all pitches
Mechanical Presbycusis - also produces loss across all pitches, but the loss is greatest for high pitches

18
Q

What are:
Sensory Presbycusis
Neural Presbycusis

A

Sensory Presbycusis - has little effect on other hearing abilities
Neural Presbycusis - seriously affects the ability to understand speech

19
Q

Most common COPD

A

Emphysema

19
Q

Difference of DM1 and DM 2

A

Diabetes Mellitus I: insufficient production of insulin
Diabetes Mellitus II: non-insulin-dependent, sugar cannot go in the blood (insulin production is normal)

20
Q

Process and structures involved in holding information in mind and using/applying it

A

Working Memory

21
Q

Unconscious remembering of information at some earlier time
● Examples: brushing of teeth and taking a bath

A

Implicit Learning

21
Q

Deliberate and conscious remembering of information that is learned and remembered at a specific time

A

Explicit Learning

22
Q
  • the general class of memory, with conscious recollection event, not much of a problem
A

Episodic Memory

22
Q

It is the memory for the events happened during one’s life
o This memory is organized according to the periods in one’s life

A

Autobiography Memory

22
Q
  • the memory concerning the remembering of meanings of words, concepts not tied to a specific time or event, differences can occur
A

Semantic Memory

22
Q

Housing option that is
a new approach where they provide support for older adults who require assistance in both ADLs & IADLs and their desire to age in place
Community based setting
Emphasis on living well rather than on receiving care

A

Emerging housing arrangements

22
Q

Age for the onset of Alzheimer’s
Early:
Late:

A

Early: 60 below
Late: 60 above

22
Q

Housing option for older adults taht supports living arrangements, the caregiver is not on duty for 24/7, but older adult has difficulty in ADLs

A

Assisted Living

22
Q

Housing option that is
long term
24 hr care

A

Nursing homes

22
Q

Housing options for older adults

A

Independent living situation
Assisted living
Nursing homes
Emerging Arrangements

22
Q

Key symptoms of Alzheimer’s

A

decrease memory, learning, attention and judgement
confusion
decrease hygiene

22
Q

Housing arrangement that is the cheapest, preferable, and may have home modifications

A

Independent

22
Q
A
22
Q

The process by which people attempt to make
sense of their existence

A

Integrity vs. Despair

22
Q

process of reflecting on the experiences and events of their lifetime

A

Life Review

Human Growth and Development and Embryology (17 decks)

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