Pregnancy and Delivery Flashcards
Zygotes end at how many cells?
12
What is an embryo?
an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development. also known as fetus.
What does lead exposure cause to the fetus?
mental retardation and aggression
What are the effects of mercury exposure to fetus?
psychosis, retardation. miscarriage
DES exposure to fetus?
cervical caner
Streptomycin exposure to fetus?
deafness
thalidomide exposure to fetus?
malformed limbs
tetracycline exposure to fetus?
damaged teeth
Nicotine exposure to fetus?
premature birth and lung problems
alcohol exposure to fetus?
fetal alcohol syndrome
Drug exposure to fetus?
premature birth, and miscarriage
What are nondisjunction errors?
XYY super-mules Kleinfelters syndrome ( XXY) Turners Syndrome (X) Down syndrome ( extra chromosome)
What is amniocentesis?
- done by 16 weeks
- detects 100% genetic conditions
- miscarriage risk is .5-1%
What is alpha-fetoprotein screening?
- Done by 15- 18 weeks
- Detects spina bifida
- No miscarriage risk
What is chorine villi sampling?
Done by 18 week, detects genetic disorders, miscarriage risk is .5-2%
What are the different type of delivery methods?
- psychoprophalactic methods
- general anesthesia
- Demerol and morphine
- Saddle blocks (epidural, spinals)
How many births do c- sections account for?
Accounts for almost 1/3 of US births but fewer elsewhere around the world.
What types of incisions are used for c- sections?
transverse incisions
What is the 1st stage of labor?
Dilating the cervix
What is the second stage of labor?
birth
what is the third stage of labor?
Giving birth to the placenta
What is the Apgar Scale? and what are its five factors?
First test given to the baby. Tests heart rate, respiratory, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and color.
What are the risk factors for S.I.D.S?
- placing the infant on their stomachs
- smokers in the house
- low birth rate
- being male or african american
- young mothers
- Soft fluffy mattresses or pillows
What are social signs that are shown at 4-5 months?
Smiles at faces
What are social behaviors that occurs at 6-8 months?
stranger anxiety
What is a social behavior that occurs at 8-12 months?
attachment
What are the different types of attachment forms displayed in infants?
- secure attachment: caretaker security
- avoidant: child indifferent
- ambivalent: clings but angry at comfort
- disorganized: varying emotion
What is a zygote?
A zygote is a cell formed when two gamete cells are joined by means of sexual reproduction.
