Precipitation Flashcards

1
Q

combination of SOLUBLE ANTIGENS and SOLUBLE ANTIBODIES to form insoluble complexes

A

Precipitation

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2
Q

Optimum precipitation occurs; number of multivalent sites of antigen and antibody are EQUAL

A

Zone of Equivalence

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3
Q

Presence of Excess Antibodies is called

A

Prozone

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4
Q

Remedy for Prozone phenomenon

A

Serum dilution

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5
Q

Presence of excess Antigen is called

A

Postzone

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6
Q

Remedy for Postzone phenomenon

A

Repeat test after a week

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7
Q

Prozone and Postzone phenomenon may lead to False ___ result

A

False negative

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8
Q

Measurement of Precipitation in Fluid Medium (2)

A

Turbidimetry
Nepholometry

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9
Q

Measurement of Precipitation in Fluid Medium

Has a principle of measuring light by BLOCKED LIGHT at a DIRECT LINE

A

Turbidimetry

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10
Q

Measurement of Precipitation in Fluid Medium

Has a principle of measuring light by SCATTERED LIGHT at AN ANGLE

A

Nephelometry

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11
Q

Which of the measurement of Precipitation in fluid medium is more sensitive

A

Turbidimetry (readings are taken before point of equivalence is reached)

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12
Q

Process of measuring precipitation without the used of electric current;

USES agar, gel, agarose

A

Passive immunodiffusion

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13
Q

Passive immunodiffusion:

Antibody is placed on the agarose
Antigen is placed on top, moves down the gels, and precipitation occurs

A

Single LINEAR Diffusion (Oudin)

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14
Q

Passive immmunodiffusion:

In Single Linear Diffusion the Antigen Concentration is based on the

A

Precipitation that moves down

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15
Q

A passive immunodiffusion by which the:

Antibody is uniformly distributed in the support gel

Antigen is placed a well cut into the gell

Area of rings is measured and is equal to Antigen Concentration

A

Single Radial Diffusion/ Radial Immunodiffusion

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16
Q

Single Radial Diffusion:

Antigen is diffused; Equivalence is reached and no further changes in diameter

A

Mancini / Endpoint Method

17
Q

Single Radial Diffusion:

Mancini/Endpoint Method antigen is measured by

A

Square of the Diameter

18
Q

Single Radial Diffusion:

Measurement of the precipitation is made before the point of equivalence has been reached; only occurs about 18 hrs / 24 hrs

A

Fahey / McKelvey / Kinetic Method

19
Q

Single Radial Diffusion:

In Fahey /McKelvey Method the amount of precipitation if measured by the

A

Diameter by LOG OF ANTIGEN CONCENTRATION

20
Q

A Passive immunodiffusion:

Allows diffusion of Antigen and antibody through semi solid medium in 2 dimensions

A

Double Radial Diffusion (Ouchterlony)

21
Q

A passive immunodiffusion:

Antibody is placed on the central well

Antigen is placed on the surrounding

A

Double Radial Diffusion

22
Q

In Double Radial Diffusion; Antigen is placed on the surrounding of the well

A

to determine if the antigens share identical epitope

23
Q

Double Radial Immunodiffusion:

Serological Identity

A

Smooth arc

24
Q

Double Radial Immunodiffusion:

Nonidentical

A

Crossed Lines

25
Double Radial Immunodiffusion: Partial Identity
Spur
26
Measurement of Precipitation by Electrophoresis (3)
1. Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis /One Dimension Electroimmunodiffusion 2. Immunoelectrophoresis 3. Immunofixation Electrophoresis
27
RID + Electrophoresis Antibody is uniformedly placed in the the gel Antigen is placed in wells
Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis
28
Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis Positive Result
Precipitin Rockets
29
Serum (containing antigens) is electrophoresed Antibody is placed in TROUGH Replaced by Immunofixation
Immunoelectrophoresis
30
Serum (containing antigens) is electrophoresed Antibody is overlaid directly to the Gel's surface
Immunofixation Electrophoresis
31
Immunofixation Electrophoresis (+)
Precipitin Bands