Agglutination Flashcards
Process by which PARTICULATE ANTIGENS such as cells aggregate to form large complexes when exposed to specific antibody
Agglutination
Antigen-antibody conbined through SINGLE antigenic determinant; rapid and reversible
Sensitization
Sum of interactions between antibody and MULTIPLE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT; “Crosslink” that forms visible aggregate
Lattice Formation
Agglutination Reactions involved in:
Hemagglutination
Widal’s Test
Direct Agglutination
Agglutination by which the antigen is found naturally on the SURFACE of particulate
Direct Agglutination
Fourfold increase in Widal’s test is clinically significant to
Typhoid Fever
Artificially placing ANTIGEN on the carrier particulate (charcoal, bentonite, RBC, Latex, Gel, Silicates)
Agglutination only occurs in the present of ANTIBODY
Indirect / Passive Agglutination
Artificially placing ANTIBODY on the carrier particulate (charcoal, bentonite, RBC, Latex, Gel, Silicates)
Agglutination only occurs in the present of ANTIGEN
Reverse Passive Agglutination
Competition of particulate and soluble antigens
Positive Result: Lack of Inhibition
Agglutination Inhibition
HCG tests, Hemagglutination Inhibition
Agglutination Inhibition
Uses bacteria for the attachment of Antibody
Coagglutination
Portion of the Bacteria used in Coagglutination
Protein A - S. aureus
Detection of non-agglutinating antibody by coupling with secondary antibody
Anti-globulin mediated agglutination
Antiglobulin Mediated Test
Spx: Red Cell
In VIVO sensitization
Used in HD, AIHA, DHA, HTR
Direct Antiglobulin Test
Antiglobulin Mediated Test:
Spx: Serum
In VITRO sensitization
Indirect Antiglobulin Test
Antiglobulin Mediated Agglutination used in
- Crossmatching
- Antibody Determination and Identification
- Red cell antigen Phenotyping (Red cell)
Indirect AHG
AHG Reagent
uses Anti-IgG and Anti-C3d
retrieved from Rabbit
Polyspecific AHG
AHG Reagent
uses Anti-IgG OR Anti-C3d
retrieved from mice
Monospecific AHG
Sensitized with IgG used to validate a negative reaction
Group O check cells
After addition of Check O cells, agglutination makes
- AHG was added
- AHG was not neutralized
In Group O check cells, this exhibit an invalidate result
Lack of Agglutination
Quantitative Agglutination Reactions
Sol Particle Immunoassay (SPIA)
Dispersed Dye Immunoassay (DIA)
Immunoassay Particle Count (IMPACT)
It is instrumentation used for measurement of number of residual non-agglutinating antibody by using LASER BEAM
PACIA
Particle Counting Immunoassay
IgG that cannot bind with Protein A
IgG3
Medication that causes (+) DAT:
Drug adsorption
Penicillin
Medication that causes (+) DAT:
Membrane modification
Cephalosporin
Medication that causes (+) DAT:
Immune-complex formation
PaRa Sa Immune-Complex
Phenacetin
Rifampin
Stibufen
Medication that causes (+) DAT:
Autoantibody Formation
MaM
Methyldopa
Mefanamic acid
hCG injection (Pregnyl)
Chorioepithelioma
Hydatidiform mole
Excessive ingestion of Aspirin
False Positive hCG Test
