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SEROLOGY > I: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) > Flashcards

I: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Flashcards

1
Q

Retrovirus that consists of RNA and Reverse transcriptase

A

HIV

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2
Q

2 major co-receptors

A

R5
X4

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3
Q

co-receptor R5 uses _____ binds with Monocyte and T cells

A

CCR5

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4
Q

co-receptor X4 uses _____ binds with T cells

A

CXCR4

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5
Q

uses both X4 and R5 as receptors

A

R5X4

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6
Q

HIV-1 was formerly called

A

HTLV-III
LAV
ARV

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7
Q

HTLV-III stands for

A

Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus Type III

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8
Q

LAV stands for

A

Lymphodenopathy-associated Virus

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9
Q

ARV stands for

A

AIDS-Associated Retrovirus

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10
Q

Type of HIV commonly seen in Europeans and American

A

HIV-1

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11
Q

Type of HIV predominant in WEST AFRICA
Less pathogenic
Low MOT

A

HIV-2

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12
Q

MOT of HIV

A

Sexual Intercourse
Parenteral (infectious blood/fluids)
Perinatal (Mother to child)

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13
Q

Blood component: Capable of transmitting HIV infection

A

Whole Blood
Packed RBC
Plasma
Leukocytes
Platelets

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14
Q

Cornerstone of screening for HIV

A

ELISA

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15
Q

Standard treatment for HIV; combination of at least 2 drug classes

A

HAART
High Active Antiretroviral Therapy

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16
Q

responsible for binding to CD4 receptor of T cell

A

gp120

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17
Q

first to appear during infection

A

p24

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18
Q

change of serological test from negative to positive as a result of developing the measurable antibodies in response to infection/immunization.

A

Seroconversion

19
Q

Laboratory Test used for detection of HIV

A

CD4 T cell enumeration
HIV Antibody Detection
p24 Antigen Detection
HIV Nucleic Acid Test
PCR

20
Q

Laboratory Test for HIV:

Gold standard for CD4 Tcell enumeration

A

Immunophenotyping and Flow cytometry

21
Q

Laboratory Test for HIV:

HIV Antibody Detection should be done through (2)

A

Screening
Confirmatory

22
Q

Laboratory Test for HIV:

HIV Ab detection: Screening

A

ELISA
Agglutination
Dot-Blot Test

23
Q

Laboratory Test for HIV:

HIV Ab detection: Confirmatory

A

Western blot/Immunoblot
Immunofluorescence

24
Q

Laboratory Test for HIV:

used to determine viral load
Differentiation of drug resistant strains

A

HIV Nucleic Acid Test

25
Q

Laboratory Test for HIV:

preferred test for infant or young children less than 18 months

A

PCR (might have Ab from mother)

26
Q

Laboratory Test for HIV:

  • Quantitative test for HIV nucleic acid
  • The Most sensitive test for diagnosis BEFORE SEROCONVERSION
A

Viral Load Test

27
Q

ELISA Generations:

Solid-phase Indirect Immunoassay
Virus lysate of HIV-1 only

A

1st Generation

28
Q

ELISA Generations:

Indirect immunoassay uses highly purified RECOMBINANT and SYNTHETIC ANTIGEN of HIV 1 & HIV 2

A

2nd Generation

29
Q

ELISA Generations:

Sandwich Immunoassay
HIV antibodies of different Ig classes including IgM

A

3rd generation

30
Q

ELISA Generations:

consist of HIV 1 , HIV 2, p24 antigen

A

4th generation

31
Q
  1. Heat Inactivation
  2. Repeated Thawing and Freezing
  3. Autoreactive antibodies
  4. Multiple pregnancies
  5. Severe Hepatic Disease
  6. Passive Ig administration
  7. Recent exposure to vaccine
  8. Malignancies
A

False POSITIVE ELISA

32
Q
  1. Collection of serum prior SEROCONVERSION
  2. Immunosuppressive therapy or replacement transfusion
  3. Hypogammaglobulinemia
  4. Technical Errors
  5. Genetically diverse, recombinant strain of HIV
A

False NEGATIVE ELISA

33
Q

Secretions that can potentially transmit HIV

A

Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Blood
Breast Milk

34
Q

HIV infecting T cells

A

T tropic (X4)

35
Q

HIV Infecting Macrophanges and T cells

A

M tropic (R5)

36
Q

Precursor protein of p6, p9, p17, p24

A

p55

37
Q

cleaved gp120 and gp41 derived from

A

gp160

38
Q

ELISA that yields positive result must be

A

replicated

39
Q

2 out 3 ELISA result subject to

A

Confirmatory

40
Q

How many bands should be exhibited in Western Blot if (+) for HIV

A

2 out of 3

41
Q

3 bands tested for Wester blot

A

gp 120/160
gp41
p24

42
Q

presence of maternally acquired antibody in newborns makes ELISA

A

unreliable

43
Q

HIV - AIDS patient CD4 T cell count

A

<200 mm3

SEROLOGY (17 decks)

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