I: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 1

Retrovirus that consists of RNA and Reverse transcriptase

Answer 1

HIV

Question 2

2 major co-receptors

Answer 2

R5
X4

Question 3

co-receptor R5 uses _____ binds with Monocyte and T cells

Answer 3

CCR5

Question 4

co-receptor X4 uses _____ binds with T cells

Answer 4

CXCR4

Question 5

uses both X4 and R5 as receptors

Answer 5

R5X4

Question 6

HIV-1 was formerly called

Answer 6

HTLV-III
LAV
ARV

Question 7

HTLV-III stands for

Answer 7

Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus Type III

Question 8

LAV stands for

Answer 8

Lymphodenopathy-associated Virus

Question 9

ARV stands for

Answer 9

AIDS-Associated Retrovirus

Question 10

Type of HIV commonly seen in Europeans and American

Answer 10

HIV-1

Question 11

Type of HIV predominant in WEST AFRICA
Less pathogenic
Low MOT

Answer 11

HIV-2

Question 12

MOT of HIV

Answer 12

Sexual Intercourse
Parenteral (infectious blood/fluids)
Perinatal (Mother to child)

Question 13

Blood component: Capable of transmitting HIV infection

Answer 13

Whole Blood
Packed RBC
Plasma
Leukocytes
Platelets

Question 14

Cornerstone of screening for HIV

Answer 14

ELISA

Question 15

Standard treatment for HIV; combination of at least 2 drug classes

Answer 15

HAART
High Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Question 16

responsible for binding to CD4 receptor of T cell

Answer 16

gp120

Question 17

first to appear during infection

Answer 17

p24

Question 18

change of serological test from negative to positive as a result of developing the measurable antibodies in response to infection/immunization.

Answer 18

Seroconversion

Question 19

Laboratory Test used for detection of HIV

Answer 19

CD4 T cell enumeration
HIV Antibody Detection
p24 Antigen Detection
HIV Nucleic Acid Test
PCR

Question 20

Laboratory Test for HIV:

Gold standard for CD4 Tcell enumeration

Answer 20

Immunophenotyping and Flow cytometry

Question 21

Laboratory Test for HIV:

HIV Antibody Detection should be done through (2)

Answer 21

Screening
Confirmatory

Question 22

Laboratory Test for HIV:

HIV Ab detection: Screening

Answer 22

ELISA
Agglutination
Dot-Blot Test

Question 23

Laboratory Test for HIV:

HIV Ab detection: Confirmatory

Answer 23

Western blot/Immunoblot
Immunofluorescence

Question 24

Laboratory Test for HIV:

used to determine viral load
Differentiation of drug resistant strains

Answer 24

HIV Nucleic Acid Test

Question 25

Laboratory Test for HIV: preferred test for infant or young children less than 18 months

Answer 25

PCR (might have Ab from mother)

Question 26

Laboratory Test for HIV: - Quantitative test for HIV nucleic acid - The Most sensitive test for diagnosis BEFORE SEROCONVERSION

Answer 26

Viral Load Test

Question 27

ELISA Generations: Solid-phase Indirect Immunoassay Virus lysate of HIV-1 only

Answer 27

1st Generation

Question 28

ELISA Generations: Indirect immunoassay uses highly purified RECOMBINANT and SYNTHETIC ANTIGEN of HIV 1 & HIV 2

Answer 28

2nd Generation

Question 29

ELISA Generations: Sandwich Immunoassay HIV antibodies of different Ig classes including IgM

Answer 29

3rd generation

Question 30

ELISA Generations: consist of HIV 1 , HIV 2, p24 antigen

Answer 30

4th generation

Question 31

1. Heat Inactivation 2. Repeated Thawing and Freezing 3. Autoreactive antibodies 4. Multiple pregnancies 5. Severe Hepatic Disease 6. Passive Ig administration 7. Recent exposure to vaccine 8. Malignancies

Answer 31

False POSITIVE ELISA

Question 32

1. Collection of serum prior SEROCONVERSION 2. Immunosuppressive therapy or replacement transfusion 3. Hypogammaglobulinemia 4. Technical Errors 5. Genetically diverse, recombinant strain of HIV

Answer 32

False NEGATIVE ELISA

Question 33

Secretions that can potentially transmit HIV

Answer 33

Semen Vaginal Secretions Blood Breast Milk

Question 34

HIV infecting T cells

Answer 34

T tropic (X4)

Question 35

HIV Infecting Macrophanges and T cells

Answer 35

M tropic (R5)

Question 36

Precursor protein of p6, p9, p17, p24

Answer 36

p55

Question 37

cleaved gp120 and gp41 derived from

Answer 37

gp160

Question 38

ELISA that yields positive result must be

Answer 38

replicated

Question 39

2 out 3 ELISA result subject to

Answer 39

Confirmatory

Question 40

How many bands should be exhibited in Western Blot if (+) for HIV

Answer 40

2 out of 3

Question 41

3 bands tested for Wester blot

Answer 41

gp 120/160 gp41 p24

Question 42

presence of maternally acquired antibody in newborns makes ELISA

Answer 42

unreliable

Question 43

HIV - AIDS patient CD4 T cell count

Answer 43

<200 mm3