Practice Quiz Q’s For Chapter 6

Question 1

In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)?

Answer 1

metaphysis

Question 2

Which of the following tissues could be found on or within a bone, such as the humerus?
a) adipose tissue
b) nervous tissue
c) cartilage
d) osseous tissue
e) all of these

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue?

Answer 3

calcium and phosphorus

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of development of bone cells?

Answer 4

osteogenic cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes

Question 5

Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?

Answer 5

osteoclast

Question 6

Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called __________ where they carry on the metabolic functions that maintain bone tissue. At this point, the cells are called osteocytes

Answer 6

lacunae

Question 7

Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____

Answer 7

trabeculae

Question 8

Which is secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition?
a) calcium
b) collagen fibers
c) hydroxyapatite
d) vitamin D
e) calcium phosphate

Answer 8

B

Question 9

The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____

Answer 9

hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Most of the bones of the skull are formed by this process

Answer 10

intramembranous ossification

Question 11

Long bones adds to its length at the epiphyseal plate. In this region which type of cells proliferate, become calcified, and are eventually replaced with mature bone cells, thereby adding to the bone’s length?

Answer 11

chondrocytes

Question 12

By which process, as an individual grows to adulthood, is the thickness (diameter) of bone increased?

Answer 12

appositional growth

Question 13

When bones increase in thickness (diameter) as an individual grows to adulthood, which tissue or cells of the bone begin this growth process?

Answer 13

cells of the periosteum differentiating into osteoblasts

Question 14

What is the process of bone resorption in bone remodeling?

Answer 14

acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals, which diffuse through the interstitial fluid into nearby blood capillaries

Question 15

Which of the following regions of bone would not undergo bone remodeling as frequently as the other regions?

Answer 15

compact bone

Question 16

Bone tissue stores 99% of the body’s calcium. Calcium plays important roles beyond the mineralization of bones. The exchange of calcium between bone and body fluids (especially the blood) is regulated by several hormones. Which of the following is the most important hormone regulating calcium exchange?

Answer 16

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

Which is NOT a part of the events that result in parathyroid hormone’s control of blood calcium levels?
a) In response to low Ca2+ levels, cells of the parathyroid gland speed up synthesis of PTH (parathyroid hormone)
b) PTH acts on the kidneys to decrease excretion of calcium in the urine
c) PTH stimulates the conversion of vitamin D into its active form (calcitriol)
d) PTH acts on the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland to increase the level of the hormone calcitonin
e) PTH increases the number and activity of osteoclasts which dissolve bone matrix and release Ca2+ to diffuse into the blood stream

Answer 17

D

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of calcium in the body?
a) nerve cells require extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) for proper functioning
b) Ca2+ is a cofactor needed for many enzymes to function properly
c) Ca2+ is required for the process of blood clotting
d) Ca2+ is needed by muscle cells for contraction
e) all of these are important roles of calcium in the body

Answer 18

E

Question 19

Which of the following hormones, in both adult males and females, ultimately ends growth of long bones at the epiphyseal plate? (This happens sooner in women than in men, and so men on average are taller than women)

Answer 19

estrogen

Question 20

In terms of bone health, why would a physician advise an older patient to do more weight-bearing activity such as walking, jogging, or use of moderate weights?
a) it promotes normal bone remodeling
b) osteoblasts deposit more minerals salts and collagen fibers as a response to mechanical stress
c) being sedentary (not physically active) promotes bone loss through resorption by osteoclasts
d) bone formation in stressed bones is stimulated by the tug of muscles (when exercising)
e) all of these explain why a physician would give such advice to a patient

Answer 20

E

Question 21

With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor?

Answer 21

with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength

Question 22

Bones can only assist in providing movement when they tugged on by the appropriate skeletal muscles

Answer 22

True

Question 23

In a newborn, all bone marrow is red, which means all of the infant’s marrow can make blood cells

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Bone can be classified as a connective tissue because it contains an extracellular matrix that surrounds widely spaced cells

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Osteocytes within lacunae are only found in compact bone and not within the trabeculae of spongy bone

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The trabeculae of spongy bone rearrange themselves as an infant learns to walk so as to be oriented along the lines of stress the bones are subjected to

Answer 26

True

Question 27

During a needle biopsy of a person’s bone marrow, maybe to test for the presence of cancer , pain is felt when the needle passes through the periosteum because it is richly supplied with nerves

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Near the diaphysis of a long bone, such as the femur, a large nutrient artery enters the bone through a perforating canal

Answer 28

False

Question 29

During the process of bone formation in a fetus, a primary ossification center develops in the epiphysis of a cartilage model of a long bone

Answer 29

False

Question 30

As long bones form in the fetus, the formation of the medullary cavity occurs because of the actions of osteoblast cells.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

In the activities of secondary ossification centers, the medullary cavity forms later and is much smaller

Answer 31

False

Question 32

In primary ossification, the first type of bone that forms and replaces the cartilage model is compact bone

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Bone remodeling, especially bone resorption, plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is able to regulate calcium levels in the blood through a series of steps that provide control through a negative feedback system

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Males generally have lower rates of developing osteoporosis because, on average, they enter adulthood with a heavier bone mass than women and they don’t experience the same dramatic decline in sex hormones as women do with aging

Answer 35

True