Practice Quiz Q’s For Chapter 2 Flashcards
_______________ are found in different energy levels outside the atom’s nucleus.
Electrons
_______________ are subatomic particles with no charge.
Neutrons
Atoms that share the same atomic number, but have different mass numbers are called ______________.
Isotopes
In a double covalent bond, _________________ of electrons are shared.
Two pairs
___________________bonding occurs between two atoms that share electrons equally.
non-polar covalent
________________bonds maintain the complex shapes of large molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids
Hydrogen
_______________bonding occurs when one atom transfers electrons to another.
Ionic
Substances containing _______________ bonds are water-soluble.
polar covalent
____________________reactions release energy.
Exergonic
The two primary factors influencing activation energy are temperature and __________________________.
concentration of reactants
In a ____________________reaction, products can be converted back into reactants.
Reversible
In a ___________________reaction, a water molecule is used to split a large molecule into smaller molecules
hydrolysis
An acid has a pH _____________ 7.
Less than
___________are chemical compounds that help the body maintain homeostasis by preventing drastic changes in the pH of body fluids.
Buffers
Glycogen and starch are examples of complex carbohydrates called ______________________.
Polysaccharides
_______________________ are the monomers of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
__________________fats are triglycerides that contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
Saturated
The particular sequence of amino acids found in a protein is its ________________ structure.
primary
___________________are the most abundant lipids in the body.
Triglycerides
____________protein found in connective tissues and skin.
Collagen
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element is the:
Atom
An atom of one element is distinguished from an atom of another element by the number of:
protons in the nucleus
A physician suspects a patient may have a thyroid tumor. Which of the following radioisotopes will help the physician confirm the initial diagnosis?
iodine-131
Each molecule of oxygen gas is composed of two atoms of oxygen sharing two pairs of electrons equally. Which of the following best describes the chemical bond between the oxygen atoms?
double nonpolar covalent bond
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the body is called anabolism. (True or False)
False
A solute that readily dissolves in water is
hydrophilic
Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?
glucose
This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.
polyunsaturated
Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?
a) They contain a glycerol backbone.
b) The head group is polar.
c) The molecule is an important part of cell membranes.
d) The tail groups are nonpolar.
e) They are a major form of energy storage.
E
What are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids?
fatty acid tail groups
This type of lipid is the body’s primary long-term energy storage molecule.
triglyceride
This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones.
cholesterol
Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?
a) Enzymes are catalytic proteins.
b) Enzymes are highly specific.
c) Enzymes are efficient.
d) Enzymes are subject to a variety of cellular controls.
e) Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze.
E
Which of the following is a purine base?
a) cytosine b) guanine c) thymine d) uracil
B
Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?
nucleotide
Which of the following chemical elements present in the body is considered a trace element?
iodine
Frying an egg causes the clear runny part of the egg to turn to white. This process is called
denaturation
Does anabolism release large amounts of energy
No
