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AP 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how body parts function

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3
Q

Levels of organization

A

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

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4
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial, nervous, muscular, connective

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5
Q

Non invasive diagnostic techniques

A

Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion

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6
Q

Inspection

A

Examining body for any change

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7
Q

Palpation

A

Examining body surface by gently touching with hands

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8
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to body sounds to verify the functioning of certain organs

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9
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping the body surface with finger tips

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10
Q

Basic life processes

A

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

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11
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes in the body

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12
Q

Responsiveness

A

The ability of the body to detect and respond to changes

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13
Q

Movement

A

Motion of whole body, individual organs, single cells, tiny structures within the cell

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14
Q

Growth

A

Increase size of the body either by an increase in the size of existing cells (hypertrophy) or by increase in the number of cells through cell division (hyperplasia) or both

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15
Q

Differentiation

A

development of a cell from an unspecialized state (stem cell) to a specialized state (mature cell)

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16
Q

Reproduction

A

formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, replacement or formation of a new individual

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17
Q

Systems of the human body

A

Skin
Bones and joints
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Silly Bonnie must not even care Larry really did us right

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18
Q

Autopsy

A

Post mortem examination of the body

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19
Q

Biopsy

A

Examination of tissue from a living individual

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Condition of equilibrium or balance in the body’s internal environment

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21
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Within cells
Cytosol

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22
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Outside the cell

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23
Q

What is cell survival dependant on

A

Precise regulation of chemical composition of their surrounding fluid of ECF

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24
Q

Homeostasis imbalances occur because of

A

Disruptions from internal or external environments

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25
Q

Components of a feedback loop

A

Receptors
Control Center
Effectors

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26
Q

Receptors

A

Send nerve impulses or chemical signals to control Center

27
Q

Control Center

A

Receive the input and provide nerve impulses or chemical signals to effectors

28
Q

Effectors

A

Bring about a change

29
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells

30
Q

Negative feedback system

A

reverses a change in the controlled condition. Brings you back to homeostasis

31
Q

Positive feedback system

A

tends to strengthen or reinforce a change of the body’s controlled conditions, response, will be exaggerated, stops when stimulus isn’t there

32
Q

When homeostasis is disrupted it may result in

A

Disease
Disorder
Death

33
Q

Factors that can affect your health

A

genetic make-up, the air you breathe, the food you eat, and the thoughts you think

34
Q

Disorder

A

Any abnormality of structure or function

35
Q

Disease

A

More specific term for an illness characterized by recognizable set of signs and symptoms

36
Q

Signs

A

manifestation of a disease that is noted by an observer
(e.g., temperature 39°C, joint looks red and swollen)

37
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective complaint made by person with disease (e.a. “I feel hot. “It hurts)

38
Q

Head (cephalic)

A

Skull and face

39
Q

Neck (cervical)

A

Supports the head and attaches to the trunk

40
Q

Trunk (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)

A

Chest, abdomen, and pelvis

41
Q

Upper limb

A

Attached to trunk

42
Q

Lower limb

A

Attaches to trunk

43
Q

Supine

A

Laying on back

44
Q

Prone

A

Laying on belly

45
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Formed by cranial bones and contains brain

46
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

47
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum

48
Q

Pleural cavity

A

A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung

49
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart

50
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

51
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

52
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum

53
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction

54
Q

Membranes

A

Simple organs

55
Q

 mucus membrane

A

Directly open to the outside, mouth, anus, nose

56
Q

Serous membrane

A

thin, double-layered membranes that covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen, reduces friction

57
Q

Pleura

A

Contains right pleura cavity, parietal pleura, and visceral pleura. Covers lungs

58
Q

Pericardium

A

Contains parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, and visceral pericardium, covers the heart

59
Q

Peritoneum

A

covers many of the abdominal organ

60
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

classification some organs are given because they are not surrounded by the peritoneum, rather, they are posterior to it

61
Q

Aging

A

Progressive decline in the body’s ability to restore homeostasis

62
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

63
Q

Necrosis

A

Pathological cell death

AP 1 (24 decks)

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