Practice Flashcards
During an experiment, the experimenter gives you three words: seven/ jog/ sculpture and asks you to come up with a single association to link these words. What is this task called?
a. Stroop Task
b. Remote Association Task
c. Implicit Association Task
d. Alternative Uses Task
e. Nine-dot problem
b. Remote Association Task
Which of the following statements is true for insight problem solving?
a. It is the inability to see a problem from a new perspective
b. It recruits the same brain regions as non-insight problem solving
c. It is voluntary, so, you can plan it
d. A Gestalt switch is characteristic of insight problems.
d. A Gestalt switch is characteristic of insight problems.
A problem space includes:
a. Initial and goals states
b. Accidental discoveries
c. Constrains
d. Production line
e. All of the above.
f. A&C
f. A&C
Which of the following is NOT an example of surface similarity?
a. Lauri and Jonas have similar haircuts
b. Lauri and Jonas go to the same hairdresser
c. Lauri and Jonas have similar tattoos
d. Lauri and Jonas both wear blue T-shirts
b. Lauri and Jonas go to the same hairdresser
Which of the following statements is TRUE for the framing effect?
a. People are risk-seeking when the options are described as gains
b. People are risk-seeking when the options are described as losses
c. People are risk-averse when the options are described as losses
d. People are risk-averse when the options are described as gains
e. B & C
f. None of the above
e. B & C
Which of the following is the false belief that the likelihood of two conditions occurring together (e.g., being a feminist and being a bank teller) is more likely than either of the single conditions alone (e.g., just being a bank teller)?
a. Base Rate Neglect
b. Representative Heuristic
c. Conjunction Fallacy
d. Availability Heuristic
e. None of the above
c. Conjunction Fallacy
You are completing a math problem and can feel when you are getting close to the solution. This problem is likely:
a. an insight problem.
b. a non-insight problem.
c. structurally blind.
d. functionally fixed
b. a non-insight problem.
Harvard is older than McGill, and McGill is older than Concordia. This represents what kind of relationship?
a. two-term series problem.
b. emergent.
c. tri-relational.
d. transitive.
d. transitive.
Which is the most widely accepted test of general intelligence?
a. The Wason test.
b. Raven’s Matrices.
c. Spearman test.
d. Remote associations test
a. The Wason test.
The zone of proximal development refers to one’s ability to:
a. solve a problem with adult or peer guidance.
b. develop a capability only if exposed to particular environmental stimuli during
that period.
c. form relations among concepts to promote creative thinking.
d. develop faster in the presence of equally capable peers rather than alone.
a. solve a problem with adult or peer guidance.
Which is an example of a superordinate level of concept?
a. apple
b. car
c. avacado
d. tool
d. tool
What is the difference between concreteness and vividness?
a. Concreteness has to do with experience by the senses; vividness has to do with semblance to percepts.
b. Vividness has to do with experience by the senses; concreteness has to do with semblance to percepts.
c. Concreteness has to do with how easily one can imagine something; vividness has to do with the intensity of the image.
d. Vividness has to do with how easily one can imagine something; concreteness has to do with the intensity of the image.
a. Concreteness has to do with experience by the senses; vividness has to do with semblance to percepts.
You come home late from work one evening. As you enter your house, you turn on the light in your living room. However, as soon as you turn on the light, the lightbulb burns out and the room is completely dark again. Your memory of what the room looked like is an example of __________ .
a. implicit memory
b. working memory
c. false memory
d. iconic memory
d. iconic memory
Which of the following statement about flashbulb memories is false?
a. Flashbulb memories are exact recordings of events
b. Emotional aspects of the event in the memory are less consistently recalled across
time for flashbulb memories compared to regular memories
c. Emotional aspects of the event in the memory are more consistently recalled across
time for flashbulb memories compared to regular memories
d. Both a and b are false
e. Both a and c are false
e. Both a and c are false
The phenomenon where adults are unable to recollect episodic memories between the ages of 2 and 7 years old is known as __________ .
a. Childhood amnesia
b. Retrograde amnesia
c. Anterograde amnesia
d. Fugue state
a. Childhood amnesia
Your best friend is bilingual – she speaks both French and English. As a consequence of being bilingual, she has more than one word to express the same concept. This is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . a. Cognates b. Translation equivalent c. Interlingual homographs d. None of the above
b. Translation equivalent
There are 2 types of thinking aloud procedures. __________ is when you describe what you are doing as you are doing it. __________ is when you describe what you did at an earlier time. Out of the two, __________ is more likely to be influenced by metacogntive processes.
a. Concurrent verbalization; retrospective verbalizations; concurrent verbalization
b. Retrospective verbalizations; concurrent verbalization; retrospective verbalizations
c. Concurrent verbalization; retrospective verbalizations; retrospective verbalizations
d. None of the above
c. Concurrent verbalization; retrospective verbalizations; retrospective verbalizations
Your sister already has 2 daughters and is pregnant again. She is about to find out whether she will be having a son or daughter. You bet that she will be having a son since she already has 3 daughters. This is an example of __________ .
a. Inductive reasoning
b. Deductive reasoning
c. Gambler’s fallacy
d. Syllogistic reasoning
c. Gambler’s fallacy
Sara asks Todd to describe to her the place where he lives at. Todd thinks for a second, then he starts describing things “as they come to mind”. He tells her he “lives in a bright apartment, there is a big window, from that window he can see a Bagel shop, and boy does he likes Bagels” etc. This is an example of:
a. Spreading Activation
b. Uninhibited default network
c. Semantic knowledge retrieval
d. Action Slip
e. Fairmount Fallacy
a. Spreading Activation
Sally is at a party when Cecile asks her for her number. Cecile repeats the number out loud, as not to forget it. However, the next day Cecile can not remember Sally’s number at all. Why?
a. The noise level at the party interfered with the visuospatial sketchpad of her working memory
b. Numbers can only be remembered when they are written down, not when they are verbally repeated.
c. By reciting the number Cecile kept the information in her working-memory, however it never transferred to her long-term memory
d. Information is only retained when it is recited several times, using different means, such as verbal as well visual information
c. By reciting the number Cecile kept the information in her working-memory, however it never transferred to her long-term memory
Eugene cannot remember where he parked his car last night. He aimlessly wanders around his neighbourhood to no avail. On his way home, still frustrated and not paying attention, he stops at a red light; now he remembers! His friend Ben had borrowed the car! What just happened?
a. Not knowing where he parked his car is an example failed implicit memory
b. Intuitively stopping at a red light is an example of implicit memory
c. Suddenly remembering that his friend had borrowed his car is a sign of insight
d. Wandering around the neighbourhood had activated semantic networks
b. Intuitively stopping at a red light is an example of implicit memory
Sonia and Collin are out for Brunch. Sonia proposes a bet, she says that the waiter will remember their order as long as he has not delivered it, but once he has he will forget. Collin takes the bet not knowing that Sonia is very well aware:
a. That people remember uncompleted tasks better than completed tasks
b. That waiters have a superior short-term memory
c. That waiters use the rule-of-7 to remember order
d. Aneotic memory is retrieved differently than autonoetic memory
e. That implicit knowledge of information is retained better under stress
a. That people remember uncompleted tasks better than completed tasks
Kristina likes to focus on one task at the time. She knows that tasks-switching comes at a cost. As she explains, this might be due to the fact that …
a. Attention is a limited resource
b. It is cognitively effortful to disengage from a top-down process
c. Parallel mental activity will lead to mind-wandering
d. Attentional blinks occur every time we try to focus on a different, new thing
e. Kristina is wrong, multitasking is just as productive as focusing on a single task
b. It is cognitively effortful to disengage from a top-down process
approaches below can contribute to how scientists carry out cognitive science-related research?
a. Metacognitive analysis
b. Incorporating ecologically valid variables into experimental tasks
c. Analyzing experimental data based on introspective feedback
d. A, B and C
e. B and C
d. A, B and C
- You are curious about plasticity in the human brain, and would like to test the validity of Lashley’s law of equipotentiality. You are interested in how loss of a certain part of brain tissue influences a specific function. Which pair from the cognitive science toolbox should you use to test the validity of Lashley’s law most appropriately?
a. Eye tracking & PET imaging in an animal model
b. Lesion study in an animal model & fMRI imaging
c. Skin conductance response in an animal model & Morris water maze
d. Severing the corpus callosum in an animal model & fMRI imaging
b. Lesion study in an animal model & fMRI imaging
- According to Waugh and Norman’s model of information processing, how can you access information stored in your secondary memory?
a. Through introspection
b. Through information pickup
c. Through rehearsal
d. Through isomorphism
c. Through rehearsal
- What school of thinking is responsible for shifting the focus from human to animal based research?
a. Behaviorism
b. Structuralism
c. Epiphenomenalism
d. Isomorphism
a. Behaviorism
- Visual perception involves a complex network of neurons and brain areas. Which option below contains incorrect information about the visual perceptual system?
a. Cones are found mostly in the fovea
b. Information from the eyes to the brain is compressed
c. Information from the eyes arrives contralaterally to the brain
d. The primary visual cortex processes is involved in early visual processing
d. The primary visual cortex processes is involved in early visual processing
- Pick the odd one.
a. The gold/blue dress
b. Change blindness
c. Word superiority effect
d. Backward masking
Answer: B (because it shows interaction between attention and vision, the others show interaction between context and vision)
- What is the name of condition that makes one see ‘meaningful’ images in a collection of meaningless visual stimuli?
a. Apophenia
b. Prosopagnosia
c. Optic ataxia
d. Achromatopsia
Answer: A
- Fill in the blanks appropriately: Object recognition takes place in a _______ fashion in the late stages of visual perception. The two main pathways through which information processing takes place are the __________ and the __________ pathways.
a. Serial; dorsal, ventral
b. Parallel, dorsal, parahippocampal place area
c. Parallel; dorsal, ventral
d. Serial; fusiform face area, ventral
Answer: C
Rees et al. ran a study where they had participants in a scanner watching distracting visual stimuli while being instructed to either detect a louder voice (low auditory load) or detect a two-syllable word among 1 to 3 syllable words (high auditory load). What were the results of this study?
a) Participants were better in the low auditory load condition, which provides evidence for the central resource capacity theory
b) Participants were better in the high auditory load condition, which provides evidence for the multiple resource capacity theory
c) Participants were equally good at both tasks, which provides evidence for the multiple resource capacity theory
d) Participants were equally good at both tasks, which provides evidence for the central resource capacity theory
c
Maylor & Lavie ran a study where they had participants identify a letter out of many others on a screen. They found that as they increased the number of letters on the screen:
a) All participants got slower
b) All participants got faster
c) Older participants got consistently faster while younger participants consistently got slower
d) Older participants got consistently slower while younger participants got consistently faster
b
You are reading a heavy scientific article (high cognitive load) at a café with your friend, who is flipping through a pop-culture magazine (low cognitive load). A fly starts buzzing around your table. You:
a) Notice is immediately, because the article is too difficult to focus on, whereas your friend doesn’t notice it
b) Don’t notice it, because all of your attention is being used up by the article, whereas your friend notices it immediately
c) Don’t notice it, because all of your attention is being used up by the article, and your friend doesn’t notice it either
d) Notice it immediately, because the article is too difficult to focus on, and your friend notices it too
b
These regions of the brain have been associated with top-down attention processing:
a) the ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex
b) the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex
c) the ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex
d) the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex
b
Say you are conducting an experiment using a classic “Flanker task”. What would you expect to see in your participants?
a) A longer time to identify “Barack Obama” as a politician when his name is flanked with Justin Timberlake’s face
b) A longer time to identify “Barack Obama” as a politician when his name is flanked with Justin Trudeau’s face
c) A shorter time to identify “Barack Obama” as a politician when his name is flanked with Justin Timberlake’s face
d) A shorter time to identify “Barack Obama” as a politician when his name is flanked with Justin Trudeau’s face
a
- Martino and Marks distinguish between strong and weak forms of synesthesia. What’s term below describes the phenomenon by which people experience weak forms of synesthesia?
a. Concurrent effect
b. Cross-modal effect
c. Chromesthesia
d. Eidetic effect
b. Cross-modal effect
- Mental rotation is a non-linguistic cognitive process. What information below is incorrect regarding these processes?
a. Mental rotation can involve imagining an object in motion
b. Mental rotation can involve viewing the same object from different angles
c. Mental rotation is localized in the right hemisphere
d. Depending on task complexity, mental rotation can engage both hemispheres
Answer: C
