👩‍⚖️ power & borders sg3b

Question 1

how was sovereignty challenged in afghanistan in 1996

Answer 1

• taliban controlled 90% of afghanistan
• president rabbani forced to run his government from exile
• start of afghan war

Question 2

how is the challenge to sovereignty in 1996 linked to challenges to territorial integrity

Answer 2

the durand border afghanistan and pakistan splits pashtun tribe in half.
therefore borders are open with little security.
the taliban could escape to here after being driven out by NATO (can still carry out attacks)

Question 3

when was the first democratic election in afghanistan

Answer 3

2004

Question 4

what were the UNHCR’s short term strategies

Answer 4

• refugee camps in kacha garhi (70,000 refugees)
• provided welcome kits, healthcare, education, drinking water

Question 5

what were the UNHCR’s long term strategies

Answer 5

• repatriation: the solutions strategy
• collab with IKEA for 700+ refugee housing units which last 3 years
• ‘cash for shelter’ helped 600 families build homes

Question 6

what were NATO’s short term strategies

Answer 6

• make areas safe and secure for development of infrastructure

Question 7

what were NATO’s long term strategy

Answer 7

• trained ANSF
• support gov with enforcing laws & human rights
• assist running democratic elections

Question 8

what were caritas short term strategies

Answer 8

local knowledge to contact refugees in pakistan so UNHCR could help them

Question 9

what were caritas long term strategies

Answer 9

helped 2000 families return through repatriation

Question 10

what were afghanaid’s short term strategies

Answer 10

teaching skills eg sewing and beekeeping

Question 11

what were afghanaid’s long term strategy

Answer 11

targets rural areas
- kitchen gardens
- infrastructure eg schools, clinics etc
- electricity

Question 12

what were the governments short term strategy

Answer 12

• hamid karzai collab with UN for ISAF = strengthened state apparatus
• 2004 constitution = gender equality, freedom of speech, protection of ethnic minorities

Question 13

what were the governments long term strategies

Answer 13

• democracy restored
• collages with UN, NATO, NGOs = reconstruction & development projects

Question 14

challenges of global governance in afghanistan

Answer 14

• still 6th most fragile state in the world
• 55% still under poverty line
• farmers eating less due to opium van so sided with taliban
• 170,000 killed in conflict
• ANSF were overrun by taliban in 10 days after NATO left

Question 15

opportunities of global governance on afghanistan

Answer 15

• democracy from 2004
• ISAF trained ANSF
• gov could exercise authority more
• No• of refugees went from 6mil in 2001 to 1.1 mil in 2016
• female literacy rate doubled 12% -> 24%

Question 16

what is the PME about security = development

Answer 16

1. improved security in NATO areas
2. local businesses flourish
3. supply firms grow
4. employment increases
5. greater wealth = more tax & funding into army & police = back to 1.