❄️ glaciation sg4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does glaciofluvial mean

A

processes and landforms associated with actions of meltwater streams (post glacial)

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2
Q

what is the hjulstrom curve

A

shows how velocity and particle size effects erosion, transportation and deposition

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3
Q

what does sorted sediment mean

A

same size sediment found in same areas

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4
Q

what does stratified sediment mean

A

layered sediment (eg biggest at bottom, smallest at top in layers)

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5
Q

what is graded sediment

A

as you move across or down size of material goes from large to small

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6
Q

what is attrition

A

when sediment collided together as it is transported in streams

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7
Q

what is an esker

A

long winding ridge composed of stratified sand and gravel deposited by stream as it flows under glacier

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8
Q

named example of an esker and it’s size

A

Mosedale esker in the lake district
- 200m long
- 50m wide
- 5m tall

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9
Q

formation of an esker

A
  • the glacier starts to retreat
  • the stream of sediment under the glacier flows under hydrostatic pressure within tunnels
  • deposition occurs as meltwater is released and loses energy
  • glacier continues to retreat so the point of deposition moved backwards leaving a ridge of material
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10
Q

how is an esker modified due to climate change

A
  • variation warm periods = beaded esker (when it has bumps)
    - when there is a slower retreat due to colder temps the esker has a bump bc there is more time for sediment to deposit
  • rapid warning = eskers may be washed away by meltwater
  • biological weathering & stabilising by vegetation
  • new eskers prone to slumping
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11
Q

what is a kame

A

hill or hummock of stratified sand and gravel laid down by glacial meltwater

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12
Q

how does a kame form

A
  • warming temps cause meltwater stream to become overloaded with sediment
  • stream flows into a glacial lake
  • stream loses energy when it flows into lake so all sediment is deposited as a round hill
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13
Q

how is a kame modified due to climate change

A
  • new kames are prone to slumping
  • vegetation stabilises kames = less wind erosion
  • biological weathering by lichen & tree roots can change gradient
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14
Q

what is an outwash plain

A

a flat expanse of glaciofluvial sediment in a proglacial area

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15
Q

named example of an esker and area

A
  • solheimajokvil in iceland
  • 57km^2
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16
Q

how does an esker form

A
  • temps rise so glacier starts to retreat
  • braided streams occur as water is forced around channel bars
  • larger sediment closer to snout bc water loses hydrostatic pressure & velocity
  • kettle holes often contain small lakes
17
Q

how is an outwash plain modified due to climate change

A
  • plane colonisation occurs which stabilises some features such as channel bars making then more resistant to erosion
  • chemical weathering occurs due to lichen