🏙️ csmp sg3 Flashcards
3!! social inequality
differences in opportunities & rewards for different groups of ppl e.g unequal access to services based on age
spatial inequality
unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions
quality of life
sense of well being (qualititive data)
standard of living
material possessions & wealth (quantitive data)
ways to measure social inequality
housing - rented, bad quality
healthcare - doctor:patient ratio
education - literacy levels
employment - more jobs in city
access to services - rural areas have less transport links
income - PPP (purchasing power parity)
measures of social inequality
IMD - index of multiple deprivation, ranks areas in UK from most to least deprived
gini coefficient - measures of inequality between whole population, closer to 1 = more inequality
HDI - human development index, takes into account life expectancy, GNI & literacy rates
positive impact of structural economic change in ACs
imports cheaper products
technology developments
efficient manufacturing
less mining=less environmental problems
negative impact of structural economic change in ACs
political instability (strikes)
job loss for unskilled workers
high unemployment
areas of high employment saw decline (jobs in manufacturing)
positive impact of structural economic change in EDCs
new technology
more labour intensive manufacturing to spread wealth
less negative trade balance
negative impact of structural economic change in EDCs
urban/rural inequality
TNCs exploiting workers
dependant on 1 economic base
destabilises food supply as agricultural output declines
cyclical economic change- boom
positive feedback cycle
new economic activity -> businesses supply jobs -> service demand -> more jobs -> higher tax so more gov spending -> infrastructure improvement -> area becomes more desirable industrial location -> more business in area -> back to start
cyclical economic change (bust)
positive feedback cycle
deindustrialisation -> unemployment-> economy shrinks -> less demand for services -> less jobs -> less tax for government-> government has to spend more on welfare payments -> government has less to spend on schools -> area declines so people leave -> area becomes run down -> less investment -> back to start
HDI of sri lanka
0.625
gini coefficient of sri lanka
0.39
% of tamils & sinhalese
12% tamils, 75% sinhalese
what % of women have formal job
35
when was civil war
1983-2009
governments strategies to reduce inequality
prosperity programme
-helped 1.4 million families
-food stamps distributed
-training program to develop skills
improved infrastructure after civil war (schools hospitals, electricity etc)
free education + healthcare
helped refugees
sahaspira key facts
- top down scheme
- helped 2800 familles
- ppl owned deeds so could go to school or get a job easily
- land was freed for development
- some peopled felt forced to move there
- some people couldn’t afford rent
gothamipura key facts
- connect hones in USS to main sewage system
- improved living conditions
- ppl felt their quality of life would improve
- ppl still living in USS (bad conditions- hasn’t completely solved problem)
evidence of social inequality in colombo
6.9% in absolute poverty
44% computer literate
40% informal employment
evidence of social inequality in batticaloa
11.3% in absolute poverty
17% computer literate
60% informal employment
causes of social inequality in colombo
high population so more workers & income, financial centre of sri lanka, touristy destination, trade routes, 40% of GDP
causes of social inequality in batticaloa
civil war damaged lots of infrastructure eg schools, hospitals
low farming activity (main empowerment) due to floods etc
impacts of social inequality in colombo
large population so little community spirit
high income but money does not equal happiness (ppl could be stressed)
impacts of social inequality in batticaloa
ppl displaced due to civil war so families separated
ppl lost work so low incomes
