✈️ migration sg1

Question 1

what’s the difference between immigration and emigration

Answer 1

immigration is where people enter a country and emigration is when people leave a country

Question 2

what % of the world’s population were migrants in 2020

Answer 2

3.3%

Question 3

what’s the difference beteeen a refugee and asylum seeker

Answer 3

a refugee is someone who has moved from their country of nationality due to fear of death
an asylum seeker is someone who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee

Question 4

what is an internally displaced person (idp)

Answer 4

someone who is forced to flee home but remains in same country

Question 5

what is net migration

Answer 5

difference between number of people permanently moving in and out of a country

Question 6

what is a pull factor

Answer 6

attracts migrant to destination eg job opportunities, housing, welfare etc

Question 7

what is a push factor

Answer 7

make a migrant want to move from country of origin eg poor job opportunities, poverty, natural hazards etc

Question 8

what are intervening obstacles

Answer 8

human barriers to overcome eg transport, high cost, international borders
physical barriers to overcome eg sea, mountains etc

Question 9

what is distance decay

Answer 9

concept that migrants are likely to move shortest distance possible so the further you go from the country of origin the less migrants there will be from that country

Question 10

what’s the difference between inter-regional and intra-regional flows

Answer 10

inter: between countries not in same region eg syria to europe
intra: between countries that belong to same region of the world eg mexico to usa

Question 11

what are positives for origin counties for migration

Answer 11

• less pressure on jobs and local resources
• remittances sent back
• social remittances sent back (new ideas)
• brain gain

Question 12

what are negatives for origin counties for migration

Answer 12

• birth rate falls = ageing population
• remittances can cause inequalities
• brain drain
• labour shortages

Question 13

what are positives for destination counties for migration

Answer 13

• high skilled migrants to do specialised jobs
• more consumers to stimulate local economy

Question 14

what are negatives for destination counties for migration

Answer 14

• xenophobia
• higher living costs
• unjust treatment of asylum seekers
• immigrants cost the economy (housing, education, healthcare etc)

Question 15

how many refugees are there in the world

Answer 15

25.9 million

Question 16

how has globalisation created new origin countries

Answer 16

tncs relocating to edcs mean there are:
- better transport links
- better education so ppl have higher aspirations and want to move

Question 17

how has globalisation created new destination countries

Answer 17

economic migrants want better employment opportunities which is possible due to better transport links from edcs to acs

Question 18

why is there an increasing number of female migrants

Answer 18

push factors
- gender discrimination in education and wages
- violence against women
pull factors
- economic independence
- economic opportunities (better jobs & pay)

Question 19

what is an emigration policy and give example

Answer 19

policy surrounding out migration of ppl from a country
- pakistans policy: they have a very young population (45% under 20yrs), so they have training institutes so that ppl can move and then send remittances back

Question 20

what is an immigration policy and give example

Answer 20

policy surrounding in migration of ppl into a country
- canadas policy: have an ageing population so need younger skilled workers, created an express entry system so ppl with skills can move there quickly

Question 21

why is south to south migration the largest % of global migration

Answer 21

• proximity: 80% of ss migration is to neighbouring countries due to lower social & financial costs
• conflict & disaster: ppl fleeing war usually go to close by countries
• overland migration: migrants may lack adequate travel documents so are restricted

Question 22

what is a bilateral corridor and give example

Answer 22

distinct migration flow beteeen 2 countries eg mexico to usa