✈️ migration sg1 Flashcards
what’s the difference between immigration and emigration
immigration is where people enter a country and emigration is when people leave a country
what % of the world’s population were migrants in 2020
3.3%
what’s the difference beteeen a refugee and asylum seeker
a refugee is someone who has moved from their country of nationality due to fear of death
an asylum seeker is someone who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee
what is an internally displaced person (idp)
someone who is forced to flee home but remains in same country
what is net migration
difference between number of people permanently moving in and out of a country
what is a pull factor
attracts migrant to destination eg job opportunities, housing, welfare etc
what is a push factor
make a migrant want to move from country of origin eg poor job opportunities, poverty, natural hazards etc
what are intervening obstacles
human barriers to overcome eg transport, high cost, international borders
physical barriers to overcome eg sea, mountains etc
what is distance decay
concept that migrants are likely to move shortest distance possible so the further you go from the country of origin the less migrants there will be from that country
what’s the difference between inter-regional and intra-regional flows
inter: between countries not in same region eg syria to europe
intra: between countries that belong to same region of the world eg mexico to usa
what are positives for origin counties for migration
- less pressure on jobs and local resources
- remittances sent back
- social remittances sent back (new ideas)
- brain gain
what are negatives for origin counties for migration
- birth rate falls = ageing population
- remittances can cause inequalities
- brain drain
- labour shortages
what are positives for destination counties for migration
- high skilled migrants to do specialised jobs
- more consumers to stimulate local economy
what are negatives for destination counties for migration
- xenophobia
- higher living costs
- unjust treatment of asylum seekers
- immigrants cost the economy (housing, education, healthcare etc)
how many refugees are there in the world
25.9 million
how has globalisation created new origin countries
tncs relocating to edcs mean there are:
- better transport links
- better education so ppl have higher aspirations and want to move
how has globalisation created new destination countries
economic migrants want better employment opportunities which is possible due to better transport links from edcs to acs
why is there an increasing number of female migrants
push factors
- gender discrimination in education and wages
- violence against women
pull factors
- economic independence
- economic opportunities (better jobs & pay)
what is an emigration policy and give example
policy surrounding out migration of ppl from a country
- pakistans policy: they have a very young population (45% under 20yrs), so they have training institutes so that ppl can move and then send remittances back
what is an immigration policy and give example
policy surrounding in migration of ppl into a country
- canadas policy: have an ageing population so need younger skilled workers, created an express entry system so ppl with skills can move there quickly
why is south to south migration the largest % of global migration
- proximity: 80% of ss migration is to neighbouring countries due to lower social & financial costs
- conflict & disaster: ppl fleeing war usually go to close by countries
- overland migration: migrants may lack adequate travel documents so are restricted
what is a bilateral corridor and give example
distinct migration flow beteeen 2 countries eg mexico to usa
