👩⚖️ power and borders sg1 Flashcards
what is a state
an area of land of an independent country with well defined boundaries where there’s a politically organised body of people under a single government
what is sovereignty
where government has power to make and control laws without having to check with other higher authority
what is a sovereign state
an independent country organised by a government which exercises sovereignty over its population and territory
what is a nation
where a large group of people shares a cultural identity
what is territorial integrity
each state must exercise their sovereignty within a specific boundary (which has been established by international law)
what was the westphalian treaty
an agreement that each state should respect one another’s sovereignty and territorial integrity
what are norms
accepted standards and beliefs
what is geopolitics
global balance of political power and international relations
what is state apparatus
the institution and organisations through which sovereignty is exercised
what is the fragility state index
a states resilience to conflict or collapse
what are some major differences between a nation and a state
nation: it’s people may be scattered in diaspora, strong sense of unity, may or may not have territory
state: political concept and defined territory, government is recognised internationally, sovereignty
give an example of a nation without a state and describe it
the basques
- distinct european ethnic group
- unique culture, own language & cuisine
- spanish basque region now has authority eg own police
- overall sovereignty lies with france and spain
give an example of a state with multiple nations
the UK
- 4 nations: england, scotland, wales, n ireland
- westminster is central gov and has control over national policies
- each nation has own gov
how is south sudan an example of challenges to the westphalian principles
after gaining independence from british colonial rule in 1956, there was a civil war between muslim arabs and non arabs in the south, the UN had to broker a peace agreement giving south sudan independence in 2011
how is kashmir an example of challenges to the westphalian principles
under british colonial rule until 1947, after it was divided into india (hindu) and pakistan (muslim). kashmir was left to decide who to join and they chose india despite being mainly muslim. the UN brokered a peace agreement so both countries control parts however both still want sovereignty over the region
