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geography > ✈️ migration sg2a > Flashcards

✈️ migration sg2a Flashcards

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1
Q

what % of mexicos population live below poverty line

A

46%

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2
Q

what is mexicos HDI

A

0.7

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3
Q

what is mexixos gini coefficient

A

0.48

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4
Q

what are the top 3 countries of origin of people moving into mexico (immigration)

A
  • usa: deportations of mexican migrants & their children, entrepreneurs for cheap labour
  • guatemala: 36 year long civil war & natural disasters = lack of economic opportunity, trans migrants to usa
  • spain: former spanish colony so similar culture, entrepreneurs for work opportunities
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5
Q

what are push factors from mexico

A

-12% of population works in farming which is unreliable due to climate and land
- 46% of population live below poverty line
- high crime rates (drug related)

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6
Q

what are pull factors into usa

A
  • hope for better jobs and wages
  • better standard of living (gdp=$60,000)
  • existing mexican communities entice chain migration of friends & family
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7
Q

what are intervening obstacles between mexico and usa

A

-1/3rd of border has physical barriers eg fences, walls
- border is monitored by virtual system which alerts border control
- many routes are dangerous eg sohoran dessert & rio grande river

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8
Q

what are the top 3 destination countries for emigration out of mexico & why

A
  • usa: 10x higher wages, neighbouring countries, historical reasons (“go north for opportunities”), chain migration
  • canada: allows mexicans to work seasonally in agriculture
  • spain: highly skilled mexicans recruited in senior positions, hispanic influence
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9
Q

what was the bracero programme and when was it

A

1940-1960: mexicans worked seasonally in usa agriculture jobs

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10
Q

what was operation wetback and when was it

A

1950s: deportation of 1 million illegal mexicans back into mexico from usa

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11
Q

what are maquilas and when were they introduced

A

mid 1960s: US owed factories in towns near the border = cheap labour

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12
Q

what is NAFTA and what did it do

A

North American Free Trade Agreement: established largest free trade area in world- mexico, usa & canada

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13
Q

describe what happened in trinidad in guatemala after the eruption in 2018

A
  • after civil war ppl returned home to guatemala
  • as many homes were destroyed, ppl were sent to village of trinidad
  • this village was near an unchecked active volcano
  • the volcano erupted and many were killed & displaced
  • ppl were offered new homes but they weren’t near any job opportunities
  • many left to migrate through mexico for better job opportunities
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14
Q

what are positives of migration on mexicos economic development

A
  • 10x higher wages in usa = good remittances = boosts economy as remittances are 2.5% of mexicos GDP
  • mexicans gov matches funding from HTAs in USA
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15
Q

what are negatives of migration on mexicos economic development

A
  • labour shortages
  • negative multiplier effect in some southern states where traditional jobs are in decline & brain drain
  • benefits to mexico depend on health of US economy
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16
Q

what are positives of migration on mexicos political stability

A
  • remittances stimulate national economy = more tax = more gov spending
  • mexican gov matches funding from HTAs ratio 3:1 = more money funded by gov
17
Q

what are negatives of migration on mexicos political stability

A
  • poor political relation between trump & mexico over trumps wall (which would be paid for with taxing remittances)
  • more south americans applying for asylum in mexico = political instability
  • under pressure to have strict border control
18
Q

what are positives of migration on mexicos social equality

A
  • shortage of workers = increase in wages by 8% = better QoL & breaks poverty cycle
  • remittances reduce wealth inequality
19
Q

what are negatives of migration on mexicos social equality

A
  • 75% of inhabitants in Pixar’s live in NYC so local businesses suffer compared to Maquilas (north/south divide)
  • remittances can increase social inequalities between families
20
Q

how has migration impacted environmental interdependence between mexico and usa

A
  • both countries have to cooperate when maintaining border eg management of Rio Grande eg dams & flood management
  • more air and water pollution in mexico due to maquilas

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