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geography > ❄️ glaciation sg2a > Flashcards

❄️ glaciation sg2a Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 geomorphic processes

A

weathering
mass movement
erosion
transportation
deposition

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of weathering

A

physical
chemical
biological

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3
Q

what are the 3 main mass movements

A

slumps
slides
rockfalls

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4
Q

what are the 2 main types of glacial erosion

A

abrasion: when debris in glacier scours surface, wearing it away
plucking: when meltwater gets in cracks in surface and freezes and becomes attached to glacier, pulling away pieces of rock

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5
Q

supraglacial debris

A

carried on surface

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6
Q

englacial debris

A

carried within the glacier

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7
Q

subglacial debris

A

transported at the base of the glacier

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8
Q

glacial till

A

material carried directly by the ice
- angular
- unsorted
- no orientation
- not stratified

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9
Q

glacial fluvial material

A

deposited by meltwater
- quite smooth
- sorted
- orientated same direction
- not stratified

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10
Q

what is a corrie

A

circular steep sided hollow high up on a mountain side. armchair shaped hollow

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11
Q

how does ftw create a corrie

A
  • takes place on back wall creating supraglacial debris
  • takes place in bergschrund crevasse
  • erodes base of glacier
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12
Q

how does rotational movement form a corrie

A

glacier moves under its own weight creating rotational movement which erodes base of glacier and creates armchair shape

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13
Q

how does pressure create a corrie

A

pressure on back wall = erosion

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14
Q

how does ftw form a corrie in an interglacial period

A
  • ftw continues on steep slopes = rockfalls into tarn
  • can create scree slopes at base of back wall
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15
Q

how does pressure release weathering form a corrie in an interglacial period

A
  • takes place on base so hollow will deepen further
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16
Q

how does biological weathering modify a corrie in interglacial period

A

vegetation may grow due to warmer temps = roofs grow into the cracks

17
Q

what flows of energy form a corrie

A
  • height and weight determines potential energy & PMP
  • when PMP is reached thermal energy is created at base = meltwater = basal sliding = kinetic energy
  • as glacier leaves hollow and thins, potential energy is reduced = less kinetic energy
  • rocks have potential energy. when’s gravity overcomes friction = FTW
18
Q

what flows of materials form a corrie

A
  • origin: FTW=debris created which would fall down crevice
  • movement: rotational slip = abrasion by the materials
  • deposition: some is deposited building lip
  • modification: post glaciation = FTW continues = back wall steeper
19
Q

what is an arête

A

knife edge between 2 corries

20
Q

how do arêtes form

A
  • snow falls in hollows and create corries
  • as the 2 corries share a backwall, as they erode and back steeper an arête is formed
21
Q

what is a pyramidal peak

A

isolated point caused by erosion of 3+ corries into same mountain

22
Q

how does a pyramidial peak form

A

same as arête but 3 backwall’s eroding into eachother

23
Q

what is a glacial trough

A

a valley that a glacier runs through

24
Q

how does a glacial trough form

A
  • begins as v shaped valley with a stream flowing through it
  • as glacial period begins, snow begins to fall into it and through diagnosis, a glacier is formed
  • there may often be a tributary glacier from higher up
  • FTW on the high mountains creates sub glacial debris
  • this erodes sides and bottom of valley creating u shaped valley
  • post glacial: tributary glacier turns into a hanging valley which often has a waterfall, often a misfit stream flowing through middle
25
Q

what is a truncated spur

A

where a glacier has eroded through a interlocking spur

26
Q

what is a hanging valley

A

tributary glacier hanging above main glacier (waterfall post glacial)

27
Q

what is a misfit stream

A

river in an interglacial trough that almost seems out of place

28
Q

what is a ribbon lake

A

forms in rock basin on floor of interglacial trough

29
Q

what flows of energy create a glacial trough

A
  • height and mass determine potential energy
  • mass determines PMP
  • PMP reached = thermal energy at base = meltwater = basal sliding = kinetic energy
  • tributary glaciers add mass = potential energy increased
  • interglacial period = warmer = more thermal energy = glacier melts
30
Q

what flows of material create a glacial trough

A

origin: FTW = rockfall & plucked debris from valley floor
movement: basal sliding causes abrasion with deepens & steepens
deposition: rock basin may be dammed by terminal moraine
modification: FTW may create scree slopes

31
Q

what is a roche moutonnee

A

a rounded mass of rock smoothed and striated by ice that has flowed over it

32
Q

how is a roche mountonnee formed

A
  • on stoss end: PMP is reached as ice approaches rock = ice melts = basal sliding & some abrasion
  • on lee end: pressure release = ice refreezes = FTW & plucking of material which creates jagged edge
33
Q

what does a roche mountonnee look like in an interglacial period

A
  • smooth, rounded stoss end due to abrasion & some striation marks
  • steep and jagged lee end due to FTW & plucking
34
Q

how have flows of energy formed a roche mountonnee

A

stoss end: thermal energy due to pressure melting & basal sliding = thermal energy
lee end: pressure reduced = thermal energy lost so water refreezes

35
Q

how have flows of material formed a roche mountonnee

A

origin: subglacial material FTW & plucking up stream
movement: moves due to regelation = abrasion, FTW & plucking on lee end

geography (27 decks)

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