Power and violence Flashcards
social power
ability to influence or change the thought, feelings r behaviour of others to suit our purposes and resist their influence on us
Power is based on the control of:
Valuable resources
Does the individual in power need to possess the resource?
No, they can just control access
How is power influenced by alternatives?
people with few alternatives depend more on their relationship than someone with more partners
Fate control
controlling a partners outcomes no matter what the partner does
Behaviour control
When changing one’s own behaviour, one encourages a person to alter their partners behaviour
What happens if both partners have power over each other
interactions emerge from mutual influence - counterpower
Is complete equality easy to achieve?
Complete equality is difficult to attain and define
How does having power feel
Feels good, people who get what they want are positive, feel in control
What are the downsides of having power
Do not see when there is an imbalance, and they judge other peoples negative behaviour harsher
Conversations are influenced by power
More interruptions are done by powerful people
Nonverbal behaviour
Powerful people use larger interpersonal distances, look longer, take up more space with their posture
Nonverbal sensitivity
powerful people recognize emotion and facial expressions less accurately
four styles of power
Direct, indirect, bilateral (both members), unilateral (without involving the partner)
How does culture impact power
Perpetuate gender inequalities - we should create partnerships with equal power
Are people more happy when there is a balance of power
yes
Is power always bad?
Sometimes it can be used to benefit the other person, but it can be used to dominate other people
Violence
Behaviour that intends to do harm
Intimate partner violence (IPV)
Abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship
Intimate partner
Current and former spouses or dating partners
Is IPV a concern
yes it is a WHO health concern - it impacts victims and communities
Three types of IPV
Physical, psychological, sexual
Examples sexual abuse
acts without consent, threats for refusing sex,
Examples of psychological abuse
insults, intimidation, threats
Physical abuse
use of physical force or threatened use
IPV in Canada - Men and women
Very prevalent - 2/5 women and 1/3 men
IPV is common amoung these potulations
Women, indigenous women, LGBTQ, women with disabilities, etc
Three types of violence in intimate relationships
Situational couple violence, intimate terrorism, violent resistance
Situational couple violence
Erupts from heated conflicts when both partners are angry, often mutual and unlikely to escalate to life threatening violence
Intimate terrorism (IT)
One partner uses violence as a tool to control and oppress - likely to be one sided and escalate to serious injuries
What happens in IT
Physical force, coercion, threats, isolation, economic subordination, emotonal abuse, minimizing, more likely to be one-sided and escalate to serious injuries
Violent resistance
Partner forcibly fights back against intimate terrorism - occurs in some but not all cases
Least common IPV
Correlates of violence
Impulse failure of self-control (SCV), violence is part of dominance/control (IT)
Situational COuple violence is described by the
I3 model
I3 model includes
Instigating triggers + impelling influences + inhibiting influences = outcomes
Instigating triggers:
cause one or both partners to be frustrated or on edge - verbal or physical abuse is a strong instigator
Impelling influences:
Make it more likely that the partners will experience violent impuses - adds fuel
Examples of impelling influences
- early life experiences
- personal characteristics
- specific attitudes
- patterns of interaction
inhibiting influences
encourage partners to refrain from acting on impulses
Examples of inhibiting influences
Most of us dont act on violent impuses - could be because the cause is too weak or there are forces fulling us away from physical action
Impelling and inhibitory influences could be (4)
Distal, disproportional, relational, situational
How does the I3 model relate to intimate terrorism
Rooted in enduring influences. People that terrorize their partners fall into two groups:
1. resorting to violence to keep their partner from leaving
2. Antisocial and narcissistic people use violence to get their way
Reasons people may use IT
- history of witnessing or experiencing violence
- feel inadequate and use violence for power
- rationalize their use of violence
Why would people stay with a violent partner
- dont think there are alternatives
- fear greater violence of leaving
- don’t want to leave
Reward power
Various rewards
Coercive power
Punishments
Legitimate power
Authority or norms of equity, reciprocity or social responsibility
Referent power
Respect and/or love
Expert power
Expertise
Informational power
Information/knowledge
How is a balance good in relationships
Spouses are much more likely to share decision-making than they used to be, and those who do enjoy marriages that are happier, less contentious, and less prone to divorce than those in which one of the partners calls most of the shots
Distal influences
Emerge from background - norms, experiences
Dispositional influences
Long standing beliefs
Relational influences
current state of relationship
Situational influences
Immediate circumstances
