Post - Midterm 2 - 7

Question 1

What are the different theories of gender identity in early childhood?

Answer 1

Social learning theory, cognitive-developmental theory, gender schema theory.

Question 2

What is social learning theory (on gender identity in early childhood)?

Answer 2

Gender-typing behaviour leads to gender identity.

Question 3

What is cognitive-developmental theory (on gender identity in early childhood)?

Answer 3

Self-perceptions (gender constancy) come before behaviour.

Question 4

What is gender schema theory (on gender identity in early childhood)?

Answer 4

Combines social learning and cognitive-developmental theories.

Question 5

What are Mothers’ and childrens use of generic references to gender during storybook conversations?

Answer 5

As the age of the child increases, childrens utterances increase, above mothers. Check graph if you are confused.

Question 6

How can you reduce gender stereotyping in young children?

Answer 6

Delay exposure to gender-stereotyping. Model non-traditional roles. Encourage mixed-gender activities.

Question 7

What are the factors in child rearing that encourage health social and emotional development?

Answer 7

Parenting styles - combinations of parenting behaviours, across situations, that create an enduring “rearing climate”

Question 8

What are the child-rearing styles?

Answer 8

Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of child-rearing styles?

Answer 9

Acceptance, involvement, control, autonomy. Check graph.

Question 10

What is the authoritarian style of child rearing?

Answer 10

Produce anxious, unhappy children, low in self-esteem, self-regulation and self-reliance. They have power-assertive control.

Question 11

What is the permissive style of child rearing?

Answer 11

Parents are either over indulgent or inattentive. Raise impulsive, disobedient and rebellious children who are overly-demanding or dependent and give up easily.

Question 12

What is the uninvolved style of child rearing?

Answer 12

Neglectful parents. Raise children with poor emotional self-regulation, school achievement and anti-social tendencies.

Question 13

What makes authoratative child-rearing effective?

Answer 13

Warm, involved parents provide models of caring. Children know that they are competent individuals which foster self esteem and maturity. Encourage powerful sources of resilience.

Question 14

What are the cultural variations in child rearing: chinese?

Answer 14

Parents are often more controlling.

Question 15

What are the cultural variations in child rearing: hispanic?

Answer 15

Combine high respect for authority with high parental warmth (loyalty).

Question 16

What are the cultural variations in child rearing: Low-SES african american?

Answer 16

Parents tend to insist in immediate obedience.

Question 17

__% of abusive incidents are committed by parents or close caregivers.

Answer 17

80%

Question 18

What do failures of children rearing result in?

Answer 18

Children with serious learning and adjustment problems; nervous system damage and blunted physiological responses to stress.

Question 19

What are forms of child maltreatment?

Answer 19

Physical and sexual abuse, neglect, emotional abuse.

Question 20

What are factors related to child maltreatment?

Answer 20

Parent, child and family characteristics, community, culture.

Question 21

What is the impact of a home visitation program on preventing child abuse?

Answer 21

Dramatically reduces child abuse.