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PSYC 213 > Final 1 > Flashcards

Final 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pianist continuum of acquisition?

A

When mastering concrete activities occurs gradually.

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2
Q

What does the follow-up research on concrete operations say?

A

Culture and schooling affect performance on tasks.

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3
Q

What do neo-piagetians suggestion?

A

Information-processing helps. Central conceptual structures help children think more effectively in a range of situations. Automatic cognitive schemes free up working memory.

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4
Q

What is the information-processing perspective?

A

Between ages 6 and 12, there is an increase in information-processing speed and capacity, and gains in inhibition. Both may be related to brain development.

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5
Q

What is attention like in middle childhood?

A

Attention becomes more selective, adaptable, planful.

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6
Q

What is the development of attentional strategies?

A
  1. Production deficiency
  2. Control deficiency
  3. Utilization deficiency
  4. Effective strategy use
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of children with ADHD?

A

Cannot stay task-focused for more than a few minutes. Often ignore social rules and lash out when frustrated.

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8
Q

What are the origins of ADHD?

A

Highly heritable, but also associated with environmental factors. Correlated with a stressful home life.

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9
Q

What is the treatment of ADHD?

A

Stimulant medication reduces symptoms in 70% of children, but these drugs have risk.

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10
Q

What is the best intervention for children with ADHD?

A

Medication with combined interventions that model and reinforce behaviour work best.

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11
Q

What is the development of memory strategies?

A
  1. Rehearsal - early grade school
  2. Organization - soon after rehearsal
  3. Elaboration - end of middle childhood
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12
Q

What promotes memory strategies?

A

School, but those in non-western cultures may not benefit from instruction in memory strategies.

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13
Q

What is theory of mind like in middle childhood?

A

Views mind as active, constructive. Understands more about sources of knowledge (mental inferences, false beliefs). They consider interactions of variables. Schooling promotes developing theory of mind.

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14
Q

How can you promote cognitive self-regulation in middle childhood?

A

Point out special demands of tasks, encourage use of strategies, emphasize value of self-correction, self-regulatory skills help develop a sense of academic self-efficacy.

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15
Q

What are the two approaches to READING? (on information-processing and academic learning)

A
  1. Whole-language approach
  2. Phonological awareness. A combination of the two approaches, along with excellent teaching practices, shows the best results in literacy progress for 1st graders.
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16
Q

What are the approaches are best with MATH (on information-processing and academic learning)?

A

Practice, experimentation with computation. Some processes become automatic, leading to more complex usage.

17
Q

When age does IQ become more stable around? What can it predict?

A

6 - can predict school performance and educational attainment.

18
Q

What do IQ tests provide?

A

A general score that represents general intelligence and reasoning ability. But not all types of intelligence are measured on current tests. Test designers use factor analysis.

19
Q

What are the two types of delivery of IQ tests?

A

Group tests and Individually administered tests.

20
Q

What are important features of group testing with IQ tests?

A

Allows testing of large groups, requires little training to administer, useful for instructional planning, identifies students who need further evaluation.

21
Q

What are important features of individually administered IQ tests?

A

Examiners need training and experience, provide insights about accuracy of score, identify highly intelligent and children with learning problems.

22
Q

What are the two types of intelligence tests?

A
  1. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

2. Waschler Intelligene Scale for Children

23
Q

What is the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale?

A
  • Age 2 - adulthood
  • Assess: general knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory and basic information processing.
24
Q

What is the weschler intelligence scale for children?

A
  • Age 6 - 16

- Measures verbal reasoning, perceptual reasoning, working memory and processing speed.

25
Q

What is the weschler intelligence scale for children younger than 6?

A

Weschler preschool and primary scale of intelligence- revised

26
Q

IQ Factors: what does general knowledge and quantitative reasoning emphasize?

A

Culturally loaded, fact-orientated information. The WISC downplays culturally dependent information even more.

27
Q

What are the recent efforts to define intelligence?

A
  1. Processing speed is moderately correlated with IQ scores.
  2. Inhibition, selection attention, and sustained attention are other predictors of IQ.
28
Q

What are the three main parts of stern bergs triarchic theory of successful intelligence?

A
  1. Analytical intelligence - apply strategies, engage in self-regulation.
  2. Creative intelligence - solve novel problems, make processing skills automatic to free working memory.
  3. Practical intelligence - Adapt to, shape and select environments to meet both personal goals and the demands of the everyday world.
29
Q

What is Gardner’s multiple intelligences?

A

(8) separate intelligences: linguistic, logico-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinaesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal.

30
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

Ability to process and adapt toe motional information. Positively associated with self-esteem, empathy, prosocial behaviour and life satisfaction.

31
Q

Is emotional intelligence associated with IQ?

A

Moderately

32
Q

What are different explanations for IQ?

A

Genetics and environment.

33
Q

How do genetics account for differences in IQ scores?

A
  • Accounts for about half of differences
  • 9-point gap across classes
  • American blacks were initially found to be about 10 points lower than american whites (test problem?)
34
Q

How does environment account for differences in IQ scores?

A
  • Early rich environment is important
  • SES - 9 point gap across classes
  • Different experience but is there a problem with the tests
  • Culture
35
Q

How does cultural explain differences in IQ?

A
  1. Communication styles - parents using collaborative or hierarchal/eurocentric styles
  2. Cultural bias in test content - spatial concepts favours majority cultural upbringing.

PSYC 213 (30 decks)

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