Final 9

Question 1

What is the relationship with the parents like in middle childhood?

Answer 1

Gradually decline in time spent with parents. Gradual shift of control from parent to child.

Question 2

What are important features of siblings?

Answer 2

Source of social support, rivalry, companionship and assistance.

Question 3

Are only children advantageous in self-esteem and academic achievement?

Answer 3

Might be.

Question 4

What are the types of families?

Answer 4

Traditional (less than 7%), gay and lesbian, single, divorced, blended, extended, one-child.

Question 5

Are there differences for families with gay and lesbian parents?

Answer 5

Not much research, but what is there suggests that children do not differ in mental health, peer relations, gender identity etc. They may suffer from negative stereotypes.

Question 6

Why are there single parents?

Answer 6

Never married, women in high status careers, ethnicity differences, low SES, no father involvement.

Question 7

What is important to do with families with single parents?

Answer 7

Strengthen social support, education and employment oppurtunities.

Question 8

Who has the highest international divorce rates?

Answer 8

U.S., U.K., Denmark, Germany.

Question 9

Who has the lowest international divorce rates?

Answer 9

Italy, Spain, Australia

Question 10

What percentage of people marry again after divorce?

Answer 10

2/3

Question 11

What has been found with children who experience the end of their parents marriage?

Answer 11

Great individual differences in effects of divorce that ends in a struggle.

Question 12

How do children react to divorce?

Answer 12

Most react with distress and anger due to disorganized and insecure life circumstances.

Question 13

What percentage of children display severe responses to divorce?

Answer 13

20%-25%

Question 14

What are important factors in divorce (on children)?

Answer 14

Pre existing coping strategies, temperament, attachment security, self esteem, social competence, emotional regulation, healthy contact with both parents

Question 15

What are the immediate consequences of parental divorce?

Answer 15

Instability, conflict, drop in income, parental stress, disorganization.

Question 16

What are long term consequences of parental divorce?

Answer 16

Improved adjustment after 2 years, boys and children with difficult temperaments are more likely to have problems, fathers involvement affects adjustment.

Question 17

How do young children typically react to divorce?

Answer 17

Blame themselves, and have more anxiety and fear.

Question 18

How do school age children react to divorce?

Answer 18

Strongly and are the angriest.

Question 19

How do children with difficult temperaments react to divorce?

Answer 19

Are often targets of parental anger and get neglected.

Question 20

In mother custody families, what is found in research about boys?

Answer 20

Boys are slightly more at risk for serious adjustment problems. Key is effective parenting.

Question 21

How are children from divorced families difference than non-divorced families? (Research findings)

Answer 21

Continue to score slightly lower than non-divorced in academics, self-esteem, social competence, emotional/behavioural adjustment

Question 22

The more parental contact and the warmer the relationship… the….?

Answer 22

The less children react with defiance and aggression.

Question 23

Remaining in high conflict but intact families _____ __ _____ than family transition.

Answer 23

Might be worse.

Question 24

How can we help families through divorce?

Answer 24

Divorce mediation, parent education programs, joint custody, child support, 2 households are not cheaper than 1.

Question 25

In blended families, mother-stepfather, how do the children react?

Answer 25

Most frequent, boys adjust quickly, girls adapt less favourably. Older children and adolescents of both sexes display more problems than non-step families.

Question 26

In blended families, father-stepmother, how do the children react?

Answer 26

Often leads to reduced father-child contact, children in fathers custody react negatively to stepmom, girls and stepmothers slow to get along with at first, but change to a more positive interaction later.