Final 2

Question 1

How often do IQ tests have to be renormed and why?

Answer 1

Secular trend toward generational rise. They have to be renormed because of new vocabulary due to electronic devices.

Question 2

What are factors that affect performance?

Answer 2

1. Anxiety - brain fog
2. Experience with the testing “program”
3. Stereotype threat - fear of being judged on the basis of a negative stereotype

Question 3

How do you reduce cultural bias in tests?

Answer 3

1. Find out what is adaptive behaviour for their culture
2. Purposefully teach how to manage the testing situation
3. Called dynamic assessment - leads to a better estimate of intelligence

Question 4

Metalinguistic awareness increases in…?

Answer 4

Middle childhood

Question 5

How does vocabulary increase in middle childhood?

Answer 5

Increases during the school years. 20 new words a day.

Question 6

How does grammar increase in middle childhood?

Answer 6

Passive voice, infinitive phrases

Question 7

How does pragmatics increase in middle childhood?

Answer 7

Communicating clearly, narratives, interruptions, etc

Question 8

When learning two languages, what are the types of bilingual development?

Answer 8

1. Learn both languages at the same time
2. Learn first language, then second
3. Code-switching
4. Sensitive period: childhood

Question 9

What are the types of bilingual education?

Answer 9

Language immersion, bilingual education

Question 10

What is code switching?

Answer 10

Hearing a language, translating it, and saying it back.

Question 11

Whats the disadvantage of language immersion?

Answer 11

A lot of competition between listening to the content and system of the language.

Question 12

What is the correlation between academic achievement and class size?

Answer 12

Children in smaller classes score higher, show better concentration, higher-quality class participation and more favourable attitudes towards school than those in larger classes. Teachers then have more time for individual attention.

Question 13

What is the traditional educational philosophy?

Answer 13

Teacher is the sole authority; students are passed and are measured against uniform standards for grade level.

Question 14

How do kids do in constructivist classrooms?

Answer 14

Lower on achievement scores on tests, but better critical thinkers

Question 15

What are constructivist classrooms?

Answer 15

Children are resourced to construct own knowledge, solve self-chosen problems and are evaluated against prior accomplishments.

Question 16

What is the social-constructivist educational philosophy? (Vygotsky)

Answer 16

Children appropriate knowledge and strategies generated from working together to become competent, contributing members of community.

Question 17

In social constructivist education, what is reciprocal teaching?

Answer 17

Cooperative groups of 2, 3 or 5 students take turns leading dialogues about a passage

Question 18

What makes a good teacher?

Answer 18

Good teachers are caring, helpful, stimulating, require high-level thinking.

Question 19

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy in the educational environment?

Answer 19

Children live up to teacher’s positive or negative attitudes towards them. High bias teachers (expect ethnics to do poorly) vs. low bias teachers have students with lower achievement.

Question 20

What are the types of grouping practices in educational environments?

Answer 20

Homogenous, multigrade classrooms, cooperative learning.

Question 21

What are homogenous groups?

Answer 21

Teaching students of similar achievement together. Low SES get more drill on basic facts with poorer results.

Question 22

What are multigrade classrooms?

Answer 22

Old rural all-grade classrooms.

Question 23

What is cooperative learning?

Answer 23

Training needed for resolving differences of opinion, sharing responsibility, and working toward common goals.

Question 24

What is a magnet school

Answer 24

Heterogeneity of learning - drama schools, science school, etc.

Question 25

What is the digital divide?

Answer 25

Low-SES groups less likely to have computers and internet for learning.