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BS1007 Cairns > Porifera > Flashcards

Porifera Flashcards

1
Q

“<div style=""><b>What are the two types of ““Skeletons”” in Porifera and what are they made of?</b></div>”

A

“<div style="">Spongin=spongocytes(made by) protein, acts as endoskelton, shape,</div><div style=""><br></br>Some 10% have collogen ““skeletons”” instead made bycollencytes<br></br><br></br>Spongin=spongocytes<br></br>collogen =<span>collencytes<br></br></span><br></br></div>”

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2
Q

“<b>What is the gelantinous material that houses specalised cells in Porifera called?</b>”

A

“Mesophyl”

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3
Q

“<b>What is a spongocoel?</b>”

A

“Sponges are a hollow cylinder with a large central cavity called thespongocoel.”

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4
Q

“<b>Which body canal in sponges has no spongeocel?</b>”

A

Luceonoid

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5
Q

“<b>What porifera cell can differentiate into gametes?</b>”

A

Ambeocytes

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6
Q

“<b>When a leuconoid sponge has a small exit canal, it also doesn’t have…?</b>”

A

has no spongeocel

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7
Q

“<b>Are Porifera sequential hermaprodites?</b>”

A

“yes<br></br><br></br>(sometimes<span>♂ or</span>♀)w/o self fertilization”

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8
Q

“<b>Do porifera have reproductive organs?</b>”

A

no official repoduction structures

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9
Q

“<b>gonochorism</b>”

A

sequential hermpahrodites, distinct sexes when gametes are differentiated by choanocyes/ameoboyctes<br></br><div><br></br></div>

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10
Q

“<b>Describe Porifera (11 traits)<br></br><br></br></b>repoduction<br></br>tissues<br></br>body type<br></br>feeding<br></br>symmetry<br></br>defenses<br></br>embyrotic development<br></br>cells”

A

“<ul><li>highly specialised cells in mesophyl jelly</li><li>simple, multicellular w/o true tissues</li><li>mostly sequentially hermaphroditic & asexual</li><li>have spongocel (central cavity for feeding) <b>(acoelomate)</b></li><li>suspension feeding - food directly into cell & excrete out</li><li>asymmetrical</li><li>1 germ layer (neither diplo- nor triploblastic)</li><li>use chemical defenses</li><li>no mouth or anus (neither protosome or dueterosome)</li><li>have sessile to attach to substrate</li><li>All life processes w/o tissues or organs, cells act as organs</li></ul>”

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11
Q

“<b>Describe the morphology of Porifera</b>”

A

“Epidermis: Comprise of pinacocytes (line exterior of sponge)<br></br>Mesophyl: houses specalised cells, gelantinous<br></br>Spicules: calcium carbonate, deter predators, arragnement = species<br></br>Ostias: pores allow water to enter<br></br>Osculum: opening at the top of spongocel<br></br><br></br><u><b>""Skeleton""</b></u><br></br>Spongin - protein, acts as endoskelton, shape, made by spongocytes<br></br>Some Porifera have collogen ““skeletons”” instead made bycollencytes<br></br><br></br><b><u>Cells: </u></b><br></br>Choanocyte: flaggelated food trapped in filter feeding<br></br>Ambeobocyte: excretion, can become gametes, repoduction, digest food<br></br>Pinacocytes: make up the epidermis, line exterior of sponge”

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12
Q

“<b>How do choanocytes in Porifera funciton?</b>”

A

“<div style="">Filter feeding</div><ul><li style="">Flagellated</li><li style="">beat to draw water into ostia pores through to the spongocoel</li><li style="">Food partciles get trapped and digested in ambeocytes</li><li style="">excreted out the osculum</li></ul>”

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13
Q

“<b>What are Amoebocytes cells?<br></br></b><img></img>”

A

“<b>Totipotet</b> - can change function from excretion, repoduction, digestion, secretion of spongin and spicules<br></br>”

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14
Q

“<b>What aresclerocytes in Porifera?</b>”

A

cells that secrete spicules that deter predators

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15
Q

“<b>What are the 3 different canal systems in sponges?</b>”

A

“<b>Asconoid </b>(simplest) -<br></br> no thickness/folds (limits feeding)<br></br> no flagellated chambers<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><br></br><b>Synconoid</b> (moderate)<br></br> thicker (better ability to filter food)<br></br> have some flagellated chambers<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><b>Leuconoid</b> (most complex)<br></br> more common<br></br> very thick (increased surface area for increased feeding)<br></br> small exit canal = NO SPONGOCEL<br></br> many flagellated chambers<br></br><img></img><br></br>”

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16
Q

“<i>gonochorism</i>”

A

“sequential hermaphrodites, distinct sexes when gametes are differentiated by choanocyes/ameoboyctes<br></br><div style=""><br></br></div>”

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17
Q

“<b>What are the 3 types of asexual repoduction in Porifera?</b>”

A

“<b><u>Asexual 3 types:</u></b><br></br>Budding - new growth detaches & attaches to new surface<br></br>Fragmentation & Regeneration - regrows missing parts, all pieces grow on new surface<br></br>Gemmules - food balls kind of like spores that survive harsh conditions, break open when conditions improve<br></br>”

18
Q

“<b>3 Classes of Sponges?</b>”

A

“<b>Class Calcarea:</b><br></br> calcium carbonate spicules<br></br> 1,4,6, rays<br></br> no spongin<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><b>Class Demospongia:</b><br></br> 1, 3, 4 ray<br></br> most abundant<br></br> lueconoid<br></br> have spongin and spicules<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><b>Class Hexactinellida</b> (Glass sponges)<br></br> intricate silica spicules<br></br> 6 rays<br></br><img></img><br></br>”

19
Q

“<b>Describe Monaxons, triaxons and tetraxons?</b>”

A

They are all spicules<br></br><br></br>Monaxons - one axis<br></br>Triaxons - 6 axis<br></br>Tetraxons - 4 axis

20
Q

“<b>Pinacocytes</b>”

A

make up the epidermis, line exterior of spong

21
Q

“<b>Choanocyte</b>”

A

cell of flaggelated finger like projectors, food trapped in mucous collar for filter feeding

22
Q

“<b>What does the endoderm do in Cnidaria?<br></br></b><img></img>”

A

“Digestion<br></br><br></br>Gives rise to gastrodermis (digestion) and gland cells (secrete enzymes)”

23
Q

“<b>What is the mesoglea?<br></br></b><img></img>”

A

“Sort of like a third germ layer but it’s not true tissue<br></br>functions for flotation and structure<br></br>jelly like”

24
Q

“<b>How do Porifera eat?</b>”

A

“Water/nutrients enter the spongocoel (large central cavity)from pores in the body wall called os<b>tia</b> and is excreted via a large opening at the top called the<b>osculum</b>”

25
Q

“<b>What are 3 cell types of Porifera?</b>”

A

“Choanocyte:flaggelated, food trapped in mucous collar for filter feeding<br></br>Ambeobocyte: excretion, can become gametes, repoduction, digest food<br></br>Pinacocytes:make up the epidermis, line exterior of sponge”

26
Q

“<b>Do Porifera have have organs?</b>”

A

No<br></br><br></br>They carry out all life processes w/o true tissues (so no organ) cells act as organs

27
Q

“<b>Asconoid canals have many chambers. True or False?</b>”

A

False<br></br><br></br>no thickness/folds (limits feeding)<br></br>no flagellated chambers

28
Q

“<b>The lack of folds in Ascenoid canals limits feeding, True or False?</b>”

A

True - less folds = less surface area, meaning less opportunities

29
Q

“<b>Asconoid,</b><b>Synconoid</b>,<b>Leuconoid</b><br></br><br></br>Put the terms together:<br></br><span><br></br></span><ul><li><span>no spongeocel</span></li><li>many flagellated chambers<br></br></li><li>no thickness/folds </li><li>more common<br></br></li><li>some flagellated chambers<br></br></li><li>limited feeding</li><li>very thick, increased surface area for increased feeding<br></br></li><li>small exit canal<br></br></li><li>moderate thickness/folds</li></ul>”

A

“<b>Asconoid</b>(simplest) -<br></br> no thickness/folds (limits feeding)<br></br> no flagellated chambers<br></br><br></br><br></br><b>Synconoid</b>(moderate)<br></br> thicker (better ability to filter food)<br></br> have some flagellated chambers<br></br><br></br><br></br><b>Leuconoid</b>(most complex)<br></br> more common<br></br> very thick (increased surface area for increased feeding)<br></br> small exit canal<br></br> many flagellated chambers<br></br>”

30
Q

“<b>What do pinacocytes cells make up in Porifera?</b>”

A

“Epidermis(line exterior of sponge)”

31
Q

“<b>What cells line the exterior of sponge?</b>”

A

pinacocytes

32
Q

“<b>What is the opening at the top of spongocel?</b>”

A

“<span>Osculum</span>”

33
Q

“<b>Describe 3 types of asexual repoduction in sponges</b>”

A

“<b><u>Asexual 3 types:</u></b><br></br>Budding- new growth breaks off & attaches to new surface<br></br>Fragmentation & Regeneration- regrows missing parts, pieces grow on newsurface<br></br>Gemmules- food balls kind of like spores that survive harsh conditions, break open when conditions improve”

34
Q

“<b>What is aGemmules in Porifera<br></br></b><img></img>”

A

asexual reproduction <br></br>food balls kind of like spores that survive harsh conditions, break open when conditions improve

35
Q

“<b>In what phylum do specalised cells act as organs?</b>”

A

Porifera

36
Q

“<b>What calls areTotipotet?</b>”

A

Amebeocytes

37
Q

“<b>Which class of Sponge has no spongin?</b>”

A

“<b>Calcarea</b>”

38
Q

“<b>Asconoid canals have no flagellated chambers, True or False?</b>”

A

True - no flagellated chambers

39
Q

“<b>Some sponges can be described asgonochorism because</b>”

A

they have distinct sexes when gametes are differentiated by choanocytes/ameobocytes

40
Q

“<span><b>which cell in porifera is responsible for the secretion of spongin and spicules</b></span>”

A

ambeobcytes

BS1007 Cairns (22 decks)

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