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BS1007 Cairns > General Animal Diversity > Flashcards

General Animal Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

“<b>What is Cephalisation?</b>”

A

disntict head structure

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2
Q

“<b>How do you differentiate animal groups? Describe the 4 factors</b>”

A

“<ol><li style=""><u>Body plans symmetry:</u>bilateral , asymmetry, radial<br></br><br></br></li><li><div style=""><u>Tissue Development:</u>embroytic/germ layers<br></br>Ectoderm (epidermis & CNS)<br></br></div><div style="">Mesoderm <span>(muscles & organs)</span></div><div style="">Endoderm<span> (digestive system & organs)<br></br><br></br></span></div></li><li><div style=""><u>Body Cavity:</u></div><div style="">Coleomate<span> (vertebrates, cushions organ)</span></div><div style="">Pseudocoleomate <span>(hydrostatic skeleton)</span></div><div style="">Aceolomate<span> (no body cavity, embedded in meso)<br></br><br></br></span></div></li><li><div style=""><u>Development mode:</u></div><div style="">Protosome<span> - </span><b>blastophore</b><span> = mouth</span></div><div style="">Deuterostome<span> - </span><b>blastophore</b><span> = anus</span></div><div style=""><br></br></div><div style=""><br></br></div></li></ol>”

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3
Q

“<b>What are hox genes?</b>”

A

“They control development of a bilateral animal’s body plan, specifically the Anteiror (front/ventral) - Posterior (back/dorsal) axis”

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4
Q

“<b>Hox genes vshomeoboxes?</b>”

A

Hox genes only occur in bilateral animals and control formation of the dorsal/ventral axis in embryo, while homeoboxes occur in all eukaryotes and control gene expression

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5
Q

“<b>What layers do Triploblastic animals contain?</b>”

A

“<b>3 germ/embryonic layers:</b><br></br><br></br>Ectoderm - epidermis and CNS<br></br>Mesoderm - muscles, some organs outside the disgestive tract<br></br>Endoderm - lining of digestive system, other organs<br></br>”

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6
Q

“<b>What layers do Diploblastic animals contain? Example?</b>”

A

“<b>2 germ/embryonic layers:</b><br></br><br></br>Ectoderm- epidermis and CNS<br></br>Endoderm- lining of digestive system, other organs<br></br><br></br>ex:Cnidaria only<br></br>”

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7
Q

“<b>Do triploblasts or diploblasts have a coeolom?</b>”

A

Triploblasts because of the mesoderm

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8
Q

“<b>What type of body cavity functions as a hydrostatic skeleton?</b>”

A

Pseudocolom<br></br><br></br>found in Pseudocoelomates & acetocoleomates

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9
Q

“<b>What is a hydrostatic skeleton, and gives examples of animals.<br></br></b><img></img>”

A

A flexible skeleton supported by fluid pressure<br></br><br></br>Ex.) Cnidaria, Nematodes, Platyhelminths, Arthropoda, Annelids

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10
Q

“<b>What is a pseudocoleom? What body cavities is it present in?</b>”

A

“A pseudocoloem is a<b>fluid-filled cavity that lies between the outer wall and the digestive tract</b>. Can act as a <b>hydrostatic skeleton</b> in Aceolomates and Psuedocoelomates.<span><br></br><br></br><br></br></span>”

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11
Q

“<b>Protosome vs Dueterosome</b>”

A

“Blastophore is a small opening in embryo<br></br><br></br>Protosome-<b>blastophore</b>= mouth<br></br>ex.) molluscs, annelids<br></br><br></br>Deuterostome-<b>blastophore</b>= anus<br></br>ex.)”

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12
Q

“<b>What is bioprospecting and give an example</b>”

A

Research into natural resources for valuable products (venoms for pharameuticals)

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13
Q

“<b>What is biomonitoring?</b>”

A

Way to measure toxicity in an environment (like frogs)<br></br>ex. Porifera

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14
Q

“<b>Uniamarous vs biamarous?</b>”

A

“<span>A uniramous limb comprises a single series of segments attached end-to-end. A biramous limb, however, branches into two, and each branch consists of a series of segments attached end-to-end.</span>”

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15
Q

“<b>What is gastrolation?</b>”

A

“The process that turns zygote into embrotic germ layers via mitosis <br></br><br></br><br></br>embryotic layers result from zygote undergoing gastrolation<br></br><br></br>Zygote - mitosis - gastrolation = germ layer”

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16
Q

“<b>What are the 5 characteristics that makes an ““animal””?</b>”

A

“<ol><li style="">Multicellular<span> - protiens</span></li><li style="">Heterotrophic<span> - digestive enzyme</span></li><li style="">Eukaryotic</li><li style="">Tissues develop from embryonic layers <span>- bcuz sexual repoduction</span></li><li style=""><span>Developmental genes - genes tell other genes what to do</span></li></ol>”

17
Q

“<b>What do hox genes in arthropods do?</b>”

A

They direct segements to grow wings, legs, antennea, etc.

18
Q

“<b><div>The three germ layers of triploblastic animals are, starting with the deepest layer:</div></b>”

A

Endoderm<br></br>Mesoderm<br></br>Ectoderm

19
Q

“<b>DescribeSeuxal Repoduction in Sponges<br></br></b><img></img>”

A

<br></br><ul><li>Chaonocytes transfer sperm to amoebocytes</li><li>who transfer sperm into eggs<br></br></li><li>Then fertilised and develop in mesophyl</li><li>larvae are released via the spongocoel</li><li>larvae swim and grow on substrate</li></ul><b></b>

20
Q

“<b>Are all animals multicellular?</b>”

A

Yes

21
Q

“<b>A zygote undergoes ____ via gastrolation to make embryotic germ layers</b>”

A

Mitosis

22
Q

Which 3 Phlya are Aceolomates ?

A

“Acoelomates….<br></br><br></br>Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminths (not nematodes)”

23
Q

“<b>Aceolomates are always protosomes, true or false?</b>”

A

True

24
Q

“<b>Organs embedded in the mesoderm are called</b>”

A

Aceocolomates

25
Q

“<b>All aceolomates are unsegmented, true or false?</b>”

A

True?

26
Q

“<b>Segmentation only occurs in Coleomates, true or false?</b>”

A

True

27
Q

“<b>Internal organs embedded in fluid inside a body cavity is calld</b>”

A

Coelomates

28
Q

“<b>The hydrostatic skeleton facilitates…?</b>”

A

movement

29
Q

“<b>An unsegemented protosome, who’s organs are not embedded in fluid are called?</b>”

A

Acoelomate

30
Q

” <div> <div> <div><b> Bioperturbation</b><br></br><ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div>”

A

distribution of sediments

31
Q

“<b>A fluid filled body cavity between the body wall and the gut, that is not devleoped or enclosed by the mesoderm is called?</b>”

A

psuedocoleomate

32
Q

“<b>what axis do hox genes develop</b>”

A

“Anteiror(front/ventral) -Posterior(back/dorsal) axis”

33
Q

“<b>What are 6 differences between an Acoelomate and a Coelomate?</b>”

A

“Acoelomates….<br></br><ul><li>Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminths (not nematodes)</li><li>Always Protosome</li><li>Mesoderm develops into internal organs, but no coelom</li><li>Only 1 body cavity (disgestive)</li><li>Unsegmented</li><li>Internal organs no in fluid</li><li><i>Ex.) Platyhelminthes: Tape worms, flukes, planarians</i></li></ul>Coelomtes…<br></br><ul><li>Invert or Vertebrate</li><li>Protosome or deuterostomes</li><li>Mesoderm develops into organs AND coelom tissues</li><li>Multiple body cavities - coeolom, digestive tract, etc.</li><li>Segemented</li><li>Internal organs embedded in fluid</li><li><i>Ex. Mollusca, Arthropoda, Annelida, etc.</i></li></ul>”

34
Q

A body cavity that hold internal organs is a?

A

Coelom

35
Q

“<b>what circulatory systems do earthworms and cephalopods share?</b>”

A

“A closed circulatory system<span><br></br></span>”

36
Q

“<b>What areMetanephridia?</b>”

A

“A gland involved in excretion, mainly found in invertebrates such as annelids , arthropods and mollusca. “

37
Q

“<b>Blood enclosed in blood vessels is a ____ circulatory system</b>”

A

Closed

38
Q

“<b>Are aceolomates organs embedded in fluid?</b>”

A

No

39
Q

<b>What is cephalization?</b>

A

<div>Cephalization is the development of a distinct head</div>

BS1007 Cairns (22 decks)

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