Osteichthyes Flashcards

Question 1

Q

“Which class is the closest living relatives to tetrapods?”

Answer

A

Acinista (lobe finned fish)

Question 2

Q

“What is a homocerceal tail?”

Answer

A

equal lobes in ray finned fishes

Question 3

Q

“An enhcanced cerbellum controls ___ in class Actinopterygii”

Answer

A

motor coordination

Question 4

Q

“Superclass Sarcopterygii has which two classes?”

Answer

A

Class Dipnoi: lungfish Class Actinistia: lobe-finned fish

Question 5

Q

“Class Actinistia (lobe-finned fish) belong to which subclass?”

Answer

A

Sarcopterygii

Question 6

Q

“Class Dipnoi belong to which superclass?”

Answer

A

Sarocopterygii

Question 7

Q

“Pterosis sp. are highly invasive and use aposomatic colouration. T/F”

Question 8

Q

“Juvenillie blue-streaked cleaner wrasse mimicbluefinned fangblennies in order to eat larger fish. T/F?”

Answer

A

False - fangblennies are parasitic, cleaner wrasse are not

Question 9

Q

“How do bluestriped fangblennies feed?”

Answer

A

“Bluestriped fangblennies mimic juvenile bluestreaked cleaner wrasse that remove ectoparasites. Fangblennies do not clean, use opiod deived venom to bite onto larger fish they don’t feel the bite because their blood pressure drops ”

Question 10

Q

“No scales are essential for which family? why?”

Answer

A

frogfish (family Antennariidae) no scales allow for weird skin textures to aid in mimickry

Question 11

Q

“What is the most efficient type of locomotion?”

Answer

A

Swimming, animal supported by water and doesnt have to overcome gravity

Question 12

Q

“Osteichthyes are a _____ group? Mono/Para/Poly?”

Answer

A

paraphyletic

Question 13

Q

“What is the largest and most diverse taxon of vertebrates?”

Answer

A

Osteichthyes

Question 14

Q

“Osteichthyes andChondrichthyes share which traits?”

Answer

A

2 chambered heart (single circulation) mixing oxygenated and non oxygenated blood

Question 15

Q

“What is the benefit of Ostheichthyes evolving different feeding and foraging specialisations?”

Answer

A

Specialisation and modification of jaws and feeding apparatus, specalised feeding opportunites reduced competition

Question 16

Q

“Explain suction feeding in Tigerfish (Datniodies sp.)”

Answer

A

“Fish expands mouth and pharynx rapidly to suck prey in before biting down and swallowing Achieved by: Rotate dorsal part of skull Push out parts of mouth sideways Drop lower jaw and hyoid”

Question 17

Q

“Describe Piranha (subfamily Serrasalminae) feeding specialisations?”

Answer

A

Fine sharp teeth & large jaw muscles attached to tip = increase in bite force

Question 18

Q

“Describe Parrot fish (family Scaridae)”

Answer

A

Common herbivorous of coral reefs Crushing jaws and continuously growing teeth in pharyngeal arch of throat (extend all the way down to back of throat) help produe sand

Question 19

Q

“Describe feeding modifications in Flounders (order Pleuronectiformes)”

Answer

A

Head Torsion, whole head is swivelled to side of body Ambush predators

Question 20

Q

“What are the feeding specalisations in Anglerfish (order Lophiiformes) <img></img>”

Answer

A

Dorsal spines with small cavity of bioluminescent bacteria Hingedfront row of teeth increase bite force small second row of teeth break up small pieces of food

Question 21

Q

“Tripodfish (Bathypterois grallator) <img></img>”

Answer

A

Benthic Uses elongated fin rays in tail and two pelvic fins to stand on substrate tactile mechosensors in front fins to detect prey in front of body Standing up on fins, mouth catches passing prey

Question 22

Q

“Frogfish (family Antennariidae)”

Answer

A

Camouflage - Weird shape, colour change and skin texture (so no scales) Ambush Sometimes move by “walking” pectoral and pelvic fins over substrate

Question 23

Q

“Leafy Sea Dragon Phycodurus eques and seahorses (family Syngnathidae)”

Answer

A

Mimic surroundings Bluestriped fangblennies (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos) mimic juvenile bluestreaked cleaner wrasse that remove ectoparasites Fangblennies do not clean, use opiod deived venom to bite onto larger fish, they don;t feel the bite because their blood pressure drops Venomous: venom is opiod-derived, no pain from decreases blood pressure

Question 24

Q

“Describe 3 traits of Lionfish”

Answer

A

Aposematic Colouration Venomous Highly invasive

Question 25

Q

Fish Taxonomy

Answer

A

“mak a drawing 2 classes/clades: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) Actinopterygii also a class, but Sarcopterygii is a superclass, with 2 classes: Class Dipnoi: lungfish Class Actinistia: lobe-finned fish”

Question 26

Q

“Ray-finned fishes (Class Actinopterygii)”

Answer

A

largest group verbrae = bone, fins = bones or cartlidge homocercal tail: equal lobes scales and skin covered in mucous to reduce drag and friction single operculum swim bladder bouyancy control good eye sight large optic lobes enhcanced cerbellum - control motor coordination

Question 27

Q

“What are gill rakers?”

Answer

A

bony processes projecting from branchial / gill arches

Question 28

Q

Class Actinopterygii: ray-finned fishes conti.

Answer

A

watch sldiewhow Terminal, superior or inferior mouths cells in saltwter shrink, need Marine: Drink ↑ amount of salt H2O Use special Cl- cells to actively transport ions out Na+ ions follow passively Use kidneys to excrete Ca, Mg, SO4 Freshwater: Lose salts by diffusion Don’t drink water, and excrete lots of dilute urine Salts replenished during feeding Nutritional deficiencies: get some AAs by eating (same as humans)

Question 29

Q

“Actinopterygii are dioecious, and mostly reproduce ____ and ___”

Answer

A

sexually and externally

Question 30

Q

“Overview: Actinopterygii Locomotion”

Answer

A

“Swim by flexing bodies and tail back and forth sinosoidual motion Stretch or expand muscles on one side, while relaxing muscles on other (alternate contractions) - waves of contractions pass from head to tail (like humans) 2 ways of contraction Pushes against water and moves forward Caudal fin helps push through water Pectoral fins give maneuverability median fins give stability All fins used to steer example: Movement obvious in slow-swimming fish (e.g., eels) Faster swimming fish (e.g., tuna / marlin), body held rigid to minmizse drag and contractions directed towards tail Swimming: most efficient type of locomtion- animal supported by water and doesn’t need to overcome gravity”

Question 31

Q

Dipnoi Lungfish

Answer

A

6 species, the 1 in australia has 1 lung. most 2 with atrophied gills connected to larnyx and pharnyx w/o trachea, subdivded into small airsaces to increase surface area live in shallow waters, lungs allow them to air at surface thin pectoral thin, thready pelvic thins set back farther on bod develop muscularture to push against force of gravity in shallow waters diphycercal tapers to singel point, sisetr clase to lobe fin fishes

Question 32

Q

Class Acinistia

Answer

A

Ceolacanths, once throught to be extinct but now 2-3 species nmae of women who found first fish? do all fish have gillls? why is it specifid? singlelove vertigial lung

Question 33

Q

“Which species uses elongated tailfin and pelvic fins to stand on substrate to catch food?”

Answer

A

Tripodfish (Bathypterois grallator)

Question 34

Q

“Match the species with 2 foraging specalisations: <ol><li>Filter feeding with bony processes project from gill arches</li><li>Hairbrush like teeth</li><li>Rapid exapansion of mouth and pharnyx (suction feeding)</li><li>Large jaw muscles attached to tip (increase in bite force)</li><li>Herbivourous, crushing jaws that make sand</li><li>Smaller second row of teeth break up small food pieces</li><li>Modified gill rankers</li><li>Fine sharp serated teeth</li><li>Continulously growing teeth extend into pharnygeal arch</li><li>Elongated jaw forms long snout </li><li>Head torsion</li><li>Hinged front row of teeth</li><li>Rotation of dorsal skull and droping lower jawhyoidpushes mouth out</li><li>Ambush predator using camoflage </li></ol>Family Engraulidae Order Pleuronectiformes Family Scaridae Datniodies sp. Subfamily Serrasalminae Family Chaetodontidae Order Lophiiformes ”

Answer

A

“Tigerfish (Datniodies sp.) suction feeding, Rotation of dorsal skull, pushes mouth out Piranha(subfamily Serrasalminae) fine sharp teeth & large jaw muscles Butterflyfish (family Chaetodontidae) hairbrush like teeth & elongated jaw snout Parrotfish (family Scaridae) herbivourous, crushing jaws, continulously growing teeth extend into pharnygeal arch Flounders (order Pleuronectiformes) ambush and head torsion flounders Anchovies (Engraulidae) filter feeding with modified gill rankers Anglerfish (order Lophiiformes) hinged front row of teeth with smaller second row, biomulenescent lure”

Question 35

Q

“How do Anchovies (family Engraulidae) feed?”

Answer

A

Filter-feeder H2O passes through mouth and out gills, food particles sieved by modified gill rakers, then intooesophagus

Question 36

Q

“Superior mouths, also called _____ feed on organisms in/near____”

Answer

A

supraterminal, the surface

Question 37

Q

“<img></img><img></img> This mouth type is called ___ and is used for ____”

Answer

A

Terminal feeding on zooplankton/fish in middle water coloum, can occasionallly eat at surface/bottom

Question 38

Q

“<img></img><img></img> This mouth type is called ___ and is used for __”

Answer

A

Superior/supraterminal feeding on organism near surface

Question 39

Q

“<img></img><img></img> This mouth type is called ___ and is used for ____”

Answer

A

Inferior/subterminal scape algae/substances off bottom or find burried prey

Question 40

Q

“What is a hyoid and which animal has it?”

Answer

A

u shaped bone in neck, gets pushed out by tigerfish during feeding

Question 41

Q

“Osteichthyes andChondrichthyes differ because?”

Answer

A

presence of operculum gill cover in Osteichthyes

Question 42

Q

“The operculum allows Ostiechthyes to ____ while swimming”

Answer

A

“stay still (won’t effect respiration)”

Question 43

Q

“Bony plates called _____ attach to the first gill arch”

Answer

A

Operculum

Question 44

Q

“The operculum attaches to the _____”

Answer

A

first gill arch

Question 45

Q

“When a bony fish opens it’s mouth, the operculum _____, when the mouth closes, the operculum ______.”

Answer

A

closes, opens

Question 46

Q

“The opening of mouth and closing of operculum causes a sucking action that pulls water over gills. T/F?”

Question 47

Q

“The closing of the mouth and opening of the operculum allows water to be pushed out via mouth pressure. T/F”

Question 48

Q

“Gill filaments have numerous ___ to increase surface area for better oxygen absorbtion.”

Question 49

Q

“The purpose of gills is to _____”

Answer

A

pull oxygen out of water

Question 50

Q

“What is a swim bladder?”

Answer

A

allows for bouyancy control like a ballooon

Question 51

Q

“Osteichthyes have ___ bouyancy whileChondrichthyes have ___ bouyancy”

Answer

A

neutral, negative

Question 52

Q

“What two evolutions allow Osteichthyes to stay still in water?”

Answer

A

swim bladder with nuetral bouyancy, and operculum

Question 53

Q

“Which family sometimes moves by walking on substrate with pectoral and pelvic fins?”

Answer

A

frogfish (family Antennariidae)

Question 54

Q

“How dofrogfish (family Antennariidae) and tripod fish (Bathypterois grallator) differ in their ““standing”” methods?”

Answer

A

Frog fish use their pectoral and pelvic fins to occasionally locomote While Tripod fish stand up using cadual and pelvic fins, and catch passing fish in their mouths using sensors in front fins

Question 55

Q

“Modified doral spines with bacteria filled cavities are important for which order?”

Answer

A

Anglerfish (order Lophiiformes)

Question 56

Q

“What are the 3 function groups Excavators, Scrapers, and Sifters purpose? check lecture what are they?”

Answer

A

Excavators: large, strong jaws to excavate landscape Scrapers: smaller jaws that scrape substrate Sifters: sift the sand

Question 57

Q

“Fish are divided into 3 groups based on:”

Answer

A

mouth morphologies

Question 58

Q

“Caudal fins are used for?”

Answer

A

Thrust and lift & mate signaling

Question 59

Q

“Dorsal and anal median fins are used for?”

Answer

A

stability

Question 60

Q

“Pectoral and pelvic girdles support fins. T/F”

Question 61

Q

“What are gill filamnets?”

Answer

A

“red, highly oxygenated, fleshy part of the gills; they take oxygen into the blood. Each filament has thousands of lamellae branches that are exposed to the water”

Question 62

Q

“The evolution of lungs (accessory breathing organs) is significant in Osterichthyes because? 2 reasons”

Answer

A

advatage in poorly oxygenated water, helped moved onto land

Question 63

Q

“What accessory organ in Osteichthyes was a precussor for evolving to be terrestial?”

Question 64

Q

“Being nuetrally bouyant means you have ___ density to water”

Answer 58

A

heavier and sinks faster

Answer 59

A

gulp air to go down and burp to release air and go up

Answer 60

A

blood chemistry transfers air into swim bladder

Answer 61

A

“blood passes through a single circuit – where blood is pumped by the heart to the gills for oxygenation, after which the blood flows to the rest of the body and back to the heart”

Answer 62

A

hairbrush teeth & elongated jaw snout kinda like a toothbrush

Answer 63

A

Hingedfront row of teeth in Angler fish large jaw muscles attached to tip in Piranhas

Answer 64

A

Oviparous (e.g., salmon) Viviparous (internal fertilization) (e.g., guppies)

Answer 65

A

Paternal, little

Answer 66

A

Sequential hermaphroditism

Answer 67

A

Dioeceious Sexual Mostly externally Some sequential hermaphrodites (clown fish) Oviparous - salmon Vivaprous (internal fertilization) - guppies paternal brooders in mouth or pouch clean nests anf fan eggs to provide oxygeniation little care after birth elaborate courtship displays

Answer 68

A

“Flex bodies and tails back and forth by expand their muscles on one body side and relaxing the muscles on other side (sinusoidal movement like humans) Fish use their back fin, called the caudal fin, to help push them through the water.”

Answer 69

A

Class Actinopterygii

Answer 70

A

class Actinopterygii

Answer 71

A

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes

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Osteichthyes Flashcards

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