Annelida Flashcards
How do Annelid subclass Hirudinea (leeches) feed?
Use oceli, smell, and mechanoreceptors (water disturbance) to detect food
Engulf prey whole or stab withprobiscis
Secretehirudin (anticoloauglant) and an anaesthetic in saliva
Store blood in caeca which drops off when full
“<b>How do annelids move?</b>”
“Contracting longitunidnal and circiular muslcesaround segments likeperistalsis”
“<b>Which Annelid class has many parapodia?</b>”
Polychaetae (marine bristle worms)
“<b>The annelid body plan can be described as which of the following?<br></br></b><br></br><div><div><div>A sac with an opening at one end.</div></div></div><div><div><div>A single tube lined by epithelium.</div></div></div><div><div><div>Acoelomate.<br></br>A tube within a tube.</div></div></div><br></br>”
<div><div><div>A tube within a tube</div></div></div>
“<b>Annelids move by contracting the ___muscles around their segments.</b>”
longitudinal
“<b>Annelid segments are divided from one another internally by?</b>”
Septa
“<b>Describe Annelids (11 traits)</b>”
“<ul><li>help breakdown organic matter & increase soil porosity</li><li><b>metameric segmentation</b> across body (tissue repetition)<br></br></li><li>Segements seperated by septa = rings</li><li>Closed circulatory system</li><li>Hydrostatic skeleton<br></br></li><li>Protostome</li><li>Cerebral ganglia (primitive brain)</li><li>Nephridium (excretory organ)<br></br></li><li>Hermaprodites reproduce sexually or asexually via fragmentation</li><li>No exoskeleton (chitin cuticle)</li><li><b>Circular & longitudinal muscles = directed movements</b></li></ul>”
“<b>Describe Annelids primitive brains & purpose<br></br></b><img></img>”
“Annelids have a cerebral ganglion network that connects to the ventral nerve cord. These nerve segments branch off into each body segment. <br></br><br></br>This helps with movement.”
“<b>Describe Class Polychaeta<br></br></b>feeding types, head regions, locomotion, digestive system, feeding parts, suckers, circulatory system<br></br><img></img>”
“<div style=""><b>Bristle Worms</b></div><ul><li style="">All feeding types</li><li style="">Respiration via diffusion or parapodia (bristleworms)</li><li style="">2 head regions - Prostonium & Peristonium</li><li style="">Complete digestive system</li><li style="">Open circulatory system</li><li style="">Parapodia on most segments: muscular bristles for movement</li><li style="">No suckers</li><li style="">Pharynx, tentacles and palps for feeding<br></br></li><li style="">Greatest cephalization</li><li style="">Some have jaws & nuerotoxic venom</li><li style="">Some are selective deposit feeders and non selective</li></ul><div style=""><br></br></div><div style=""><img></img></div>”
“<b>Describe Polychaeta parapodia<br></br></b><img></img>”
“<ul><li>Occur on most segments</li><li>Movement, respiration and reproduction</li><li>Notopodium = dorsal lobe used for respiration and locomotion</li><li>Neuropodium = ventral lobe used in locomotion</li><li>Respiration across body surface or parapodia gills</li><li>Chaetae for gripping the substrate</li><li>Cirri = fused bundles of cilia; sense pressure waves</li></ul>”
“<b>Notopodium vs Nueropodium<br></br></b><img></img><b><br></br></b>”
“Branched lobe of parapodia in Annelids<br></br><ul><li>Notopodium= dorsal lobe used for respiration and locomotion</li><li>Neuropodium= ventral lobe used in locomotion</li></ul>”
“<b>What are cirri?<br></br></b><img></img>”
Fused bundles of cilia; sense pressure waves on parapodia in Annelids
“<b>Which Annelid has the greatest cephalization?<br></br></b><img></img>”
Polychaeta
“<b>What are the 2 types of deposit feeders in Polycheata?</b>”
“Feeds on organic matter in substrate<br></br><br></br>Selective: (ornate worm - Amphitrite ornata)<br></br>mucous secretions on tentacles; cilia transport food to mouth<br></br><br></br>Non-selective: (lungworms Arenicola sp.)<br></br>reduced parapodia”
“<b>Are annelids cuticle made of Chitin?</b>”
No, non chitnous
“<b>Are Polychaeta hermaphrodites? What type of fertilization? Do they have permenant reproductive structures?</b>”
- not hermaphrodites (dioecious)<br></br>- Internal & extrernal fert, often broadcast spawning<br></br>- no permenant repoductive structures, seasonal
“<b>What is the role of a</b><b>caeca</b><b>?</b>”
stores undigested food
“<b>Describe Subclass Hirudinea (leeches)<br></br></b><img></img><br></br><br></br><span>Segment count</span><br></br><span>defining traits</span><br></br><span>repoduction</span><br></br><span>feeding<br></br></span>regeneration<br></br><span>mouth</span><br></br><span>body parts</span><br></br><span>prey detection</span>”
“<ul><li style="">34 segments</li><li style="">2 suckers on each end for movement and feeding</li><li style="">Caecae stores food</li><li style="">can’t regenerate</li><li style="">Hermaphrodites</li><li style="">Secrete cocoon (otheca like) with fertilised eggs from clitellum)</li><li style="">Engulf prey whole or stab with probiscis</li><li style="">Blade jaws<br></br></li><li style="">Secrete hirudin (anticoloauglant) and an anaesthetic in saliva</li><li style="">Stores blood, caecae drop off when full</li><li style="">Use oceli, smell, and mechanoreceptors (water disturbance) to detect food</li></ul>”
“<b>What are the defining differences between Clitella and Polycheata</b>”
“<b>Clitella:</b><br></br>Presence of a clitella<br></br>No parapodia or chetea<br></br>Hermaphrodites<br></br><br></br>Polycheata:<br></br>Many parapodia and chetea<br></br>”
Describe subclass Oligochaeta (earthworms)
locomotion
innovations
amazing regeneration
move via peristalsis
Major Innovation: full alimentary canal = complete digestion
respire across surface via moisture
Major innovation: excretion via metanephridia
no eyes
“<b>Which Annelid has a open circulatory system and a complete digestive system</b><br></br><img></img>”
Polychaeta (Bristle Worms)
“<b>Which Annelid respires via diffusion or parapodia?<br></br></b><img></img><b><br></br></b>”
Polychaeta
“<b>Which Annelid has a Prostonium & Peristonium</b><br></br><img></img>”
All annelids (except mybe leeches?)
“<b>Which Annelid has no suckers but might have jaws and venom</b><br></br><img></img>”
Polychatea
“<b>Pharynx, tentacles, and palps for feeding is a trait of all of which Annelida class?<br></br></b><img></img><b><br></br></b>”
Polychatea
“<b>Phaynx Tentacles and Suckers are used by Polychatea for feeding, true or false?</b>”
False - no suckers
“<b>Polychatea have a closed circulatory system and a complete digestive system. True or False</b>”
False - open circulatory system
“<b>Which groups have a complete digestive system?</b>”
Polychatea (bristle worms)
“<b>Which groups have a open circulatory system?</b>”
<br></br>Polychatea<br></br>
“<b>Main charcteristics ofPolychaeta?<br></br><br></br></b><img></img><b><br></br></b><br></br>repoduction<br></br>mouth parts<br></br>locomotion<br></br>organ systems”
“Marine Bristle Worms<br></br><br></br>no suckers<br></br>many parapodia on every segment<br></br>many bundles of chaetae<br></br>complete digestive system<br></br>open circulatory system<br></br>Head often highly modified = reflects feeding types<br></br>jaws<br></br>4 types of repoduction”
“<b>The first phyla of animals to have a true coleom are the</b>”
Annelids
“<b>The first class of animals to have a true coleom and alimentary canal are the</b>”
Oligochetaes ?
“<b>What are chaetae?</b>”
“<span>Chitinous (chiton) bristles or seta found in annelid worms<br></br></span>”
“<b>DoPolychaete have chaetae?</b>”
“<span>Polychaete annelids are named for their chaetae. In Polychaeta, chaetae are found as </span>bundles on the parapodia<span> on every </span>segement”
“<b>What are 3 traits ofHirudinea repoduction?<br></br></b><img></img><b><br></br></b>”
<ul><li>Hermaphrodites</li><li>Swap sperm</li><li>Secrete cocoon (otheca like) with fertilised eggs from clitellum</li></ul>
“<b>What are two major evolutionary innovations that Oligochatae have?</b>”
“<ul><li>full alimentary canal = complete digestion</li><li>metanephridia for excretion</li></ul>”
“<b>Do all annelids have aprostomium and peristomium?</b>”
“No - leeches don’t”
“<b>What are the prostomium and peristomium?</b><br></br><img></img><img></img>”
prostomium is in front of the mouth <br></br><br></br>peristomium <b>surrounds </b>the opening of the mouth
“<b>What are the 6 regions in an Oligocheate digestive system?</b>”
Complete alimentary canal (tube from mouth to anus) <br></br><br></br>Mouth: ingest food <br></br>Muscular pharynx: food passes through into narrow oesophagus<br></br>Crop: storage organ <br></br>Gizzard: grinds up food with aid of stones <br></br>Intestine: nutrient absorption <br></br>Anus: waste passes out
“<b>What is a crop in Olgiochetae?</b>”
Organ that stores nutrients
“<b>What is a gizzard in Oligochatea</b>”
organ that grinds up food with non nutritional materials (pebbles)
“<b>What type of circulatory system do Oligochaeta have?</b>”
“Closed circulatory system = blood enclosed in blood vessels”
“<b>Which annelids pump blood by 5 hearts?</b>”
“Oligochaeta (earthworms)”
“<b>How is waste excreted in Oligochatea?</b>”
“<ul><li>Metanephridia (excretory tubes in each segement) with funnels remove waste from coelom fluid </li><li>Waste is then transported to next segment via nephridostome</li><li>Waste excreted via nephridiopores</li></ul>”
“<b>How do earthworms repoduce?</b><br></br><img></img>”
Sperm deposited into cocoon, which fertilises the eggs, and is deposted on substrate
“<b>Polychatea have ___ circulatory systems, while Clitella have a ___ circulatory system</b>”
open, closed
“<b>What are 2 ways leeches eat?</b>”
“Engulf prey whole or stab withprobiscis”
“<b>What digestive and excretion system do annelids and molluscs share?</b>”
“<span>An excretory system consisting of </span>nephridia<span></span><br></br><span>A </span>complete<span> digestive system</span>”
“<b>What is the excretory organ in an Annelid called?</b>”
“<span>Nephridium</span>”
“<b><div><span>Where are the</span>prostomium &peristomium</div></b>”
“<b><div><span>prostomium is in front of the mouth</span></div><div><span>peristomium </span>surrounds <span>the opening of the mouth<br></br><br></br>peri = surrounding<br></br>pros = near, towards</span></div><br></br></b>”
“<b><div><span>Which Annelid subclass has a definitive number of 34 segments and 2 suckers on each end?</span></div><div><br></br></div></b>”
Hirdudiena (leeches)
“<b>Describe reproduction in Annelids</b>”
“<ul><li>Seasonally have reproductive organs in all segments, but not permanentley</li><li><b>Not hermaphrodites</b>, dioecious</li><li>Internal & external fertilization</li><li>Trochophore free larvae</li></ul><br></br>”
“<b>What are the 4 types of reproduction in Polychaeta </b>(Bristle Worm, Annelids)?<br></br><img></img>”
“<ul><li>Traditional - insertion & internal</li><li>Broadcast Spawning -like corals</li><li>Epitoky - Atoke back segments break open & release gamtes for external fertilization</li><li>Aseuxal - budding</li></ul>”
“<b>Describe Class Clitellata<br></br></b><img></img>”
“<b>Leeches & Earthworms</b><br></br><ul><li>10 Ocelli</li><li>Parasitic</li><li>No parapodia or chatae</li><li>Clitellum</li><li>Subclasses Hirudinea (leeches) and Oligochaeta (earthworms)</li></ul>”
“<b>How do metanephridia function?</b>”
Collects the liquid from the celomatic cavity and excretes out an opening in the body cavity
“<b>Which annelid class has a probiscus?</b>”
hirudinea
“<b><div><span>How do leeches and earthworms use their Clitellata?</span></div></b><img></img>”
Sperm deposited into “cocoon”, which fertilises the eggs, and is deposited on substrate
