Chondrichthyes Flashcards

Question 1

Q

“What are Gnathostomes?

Answer

A

Jawed animals

Question 2

Q

“What are 2 advantages of jaws?”

Answer

A

Enhance foraging (biting off large chunks) & better manipulation

Question 3

Q

“How doChondrichthyes squeeze gill arches together?”

Answer

A

bottom arch swivels to make chomping motion - top arch remains attached to skull for stability

Question 4

Q

“3 modes ofChondrichthyes reproduction?”

Answer

A

oviparous, viviparous and ovoviviparous

Question 5

Q

“Ovoviviparous <img></img> ”

Answer

A

egg develop and hatch inside parent

Question 6

Q

“Chondrichthyes are monoceious/dioeceious and reproduce via internal/external fertilizatoin?”

Answer

A

Dioecious, Internal

Question 7

Q

“What is the evolutionary purpose of a cartilaginous skeleton?”

Answer

A

increase bouyancy

Question 8

Q

“Subclass Elasmobranchii includes?”

Answer

A

Sharks & Rays

Question 9

Q

“DoSubclass Elasmobranchii have a notochord?”

Answer

A

It is replaced by Vertebrae

Question 10

Q

“What are the two stomach sections in Elasmobranchii?”

Answer

A

cardiac and pyloric

Question 11

Q

“What is the disadvantage of Elasmobranchii having a very short intestine?”

Answer

A

limits nutrient absorbtion efficiency

Question 12

Q

“Subclass Elasmobranchii have a Spiral valve use for?”

Answer

A

large internal surface area retain digestible material in ileum increase nutrient absorbtion

Question 13

Q

“Elasmobranchii use a spiracle for”

Answer

A

increase gas efficiency

Question 14

Q

“Sharks swim to ___ the lungs, While Rays _________”

Answer

A

ventilate; spiracles actively pump water over gills

Question 15

Q

“Elasmobranchii have a 2 chambered heart. Divided into 1 ___ and 1 ____.”

Answer

A

atrium ventricle

Question 16

Q

“The atrium and ventricle chambers in theElasmobranchiiheart is used for?”

Answer

A

single circulation

Question 17

Q

“Elasmobranchii have: (not well developed, excellent, limited) ___ hearing ___ vision ___ smell”

Answer

A

not well developed, limited, excellent

Question 18

Q

“What do the Ampullae of Lorenzinido?”

Answer

A

sense electrical field of prey

Question 19

Q

“Superorder Selachimorphabelongs to which Subclass?”

Answer

A

Elasmobranchii

Question 20

Q

“Superorder Selachimorpha include?”

Question 21

Q

What does heterocercal mean?

Question 22

Q

“Selachimorpha locomtion?”

Answer

A

Paired fins for lift Pectoral fins can’t swivel fast speed but low maneuverability Tail provides thrust and lift as shark moves through water Head and fins flattened for lift during forward motion Heavier than water: sink if they don’t continue swimming forward Very fast sharks: modified tail fins for ↑ speed

Question 23

Q

“Elasmobranchii have ___ bouyancy”

Answer

A

negatively buoyant: sink if they stop swimming, heavoer than water Expend more energy than if they were neutrally buoyant

Question 24

Q

“Placoid scales”

Answer

A

Like small teeth and very tough Flat rectangular base plate embedded in skin Inner core of pulp composed of connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves Pulp cavity treated by layer of odontoblast cells that secrete dentine Covered with hard enamel outer layer Secreted by cells in dermis Pierce epidermis

Question 25

Q

Whale Sharks use 3 feeding methods:

Answer

A

Passive – swim slowly with open mouth, straining plankton Vertical – float vertically, using suction to draw prey in Active – suction filter-feed while swimming, drawing water into mouths at higher velocities: “ram-filter feeding”

Question 26

Q

“What are claspers?”

Answer

A

♂ has claspers: extensions of pelvic fins to transfer sperm to ♀

Question 27

Q

“Do Selachimorpha have parental care?”

Answer

A

No, take care of themselves from birth

Question 28

Q

What are the 3 different types of shark egg development with examples?

Answer

A

“Viviparous: babies fed by a placenta that transfers nutrients from mother to young: give birth to live young. e.g., mako Oviparous: deposit eggs that hatch later: ““mermaid’s purse“ - tough, leathery membrane; yolk feeds embryo. e.g., zebra shark Ovoviviparous: eggs hatch internally but no placenta. e.g., cookiecutter shark”

Question 29

Q

Rays belong to the superorder __ and the order ___

Answer

A

Batioidea , Rajiformes

Question 30

Q

Rays

Answer

A

DV flattened - Benthic Elarged winged pectoral fins Move via wave like motion, lifiting and thrusting respire: draw water into spiracles, force out gills, 5-6 gill slits on ventral surface Tail, but the caudal fin reduced / absent Small, blunt teeth in a plate used for grinding  Dioecious: internal fertilization (♂ has claspers)

Question 31

Q

Subclass Holocephali: rat/rabbit fishes (ghost sharks) and elephant fishes

Answer

A

Very primitive: few surviving members in order Chimaeriformes Elongated, soft bodies with a bulky head One gill slit Teeth fused to form plates Lack placoid scales Large pectoral fins and a long slender tail No stomach Benthic, often in very deep water Move using sweeping movements of pectoral fins Dorsal fin sometimes has a venomous erectile spine Dioecious: internal fertilization, ♂ has claspers, ♀ oviparous

Question 32

Q

How did jaws progress?

Answer

A

modification of gill arches, arches move forward, arches squeeze together, bottom arch swivels, top arch fixed

Question 33

Q

“What are 2 unique highly developed sensory organs in Chondrichthyes?”

Answer

A

lateral lines & ampullary organs of Lorenzini

Question 34

Q

“Holocephali have no ___ scales and no ____ for digestion.”

Answer

A

placoid scales, stomach

Question 35

Q

“Holocephali have a stomach. T/F?”

Question 36

Q

“Holocephali have no placoid scales. T/F?”

Question 37

Q

What group of Chordates has a fusiform shape?

Answer

A

Superclass Selachimorpha (subclass Elasmobranchii)

Question 38

Q

Elasmobranchii have a large ______ and no ______ bladder.

Answer

A

oily liver, swim

Question 39

Q

What are placoid scales?

Answer

A

like tiny teeth secreted from dermis cells

Question 40

Q

What is subclass Elasmobranchii?

Answer

A

Sharks and Rays

Question 41

Q

The Ability to squeeze gill arches together developed

Question 42

Q

Jaws move by bottom arch ____ and top arch ____ to skull

Answer

A

swivels, stays attached

Question 43

Q

Notochord replaced by vertebrae in which sublass of Chondrictheyes?

Answer

A

Elasmobranchii?

Question 44

Q

The purpose of cartilaginous skeleton to

Answer

A

increase buoyancy

Question 45

Q

Elasmobranchii stomach divided into 2 sections called:

Answer

A

cardiac and pyloric

Question 46

Q

What is an ileum?

Answer

A

The last part of the small intestine.

Question 47

Q

The Spiral valve ____ nutrient absorption

Answer

A

increases

Question 48

Q

Elasmobranchii have ___ to increase gas exhange

Answer

A

spiracles

Question 49

Q

The _____ extends from head down along side of body and ense pressure changes in water while the ______ are at the front of head used for electroreception

Answer

A

lateral lines

Ampullar of lorenzi

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Chondrichthyes Flashcards

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