population genetics

Question 1

gene pool

Answer 1

all the alleles of every gene in a population

Question 2

what do population geneticist study?

Answer 2

genetic variation within the gene pool and how it changes form one generation to the next

Question 3

monomorphic

Answer 3

gene that predominantly has only one allele

Question 4

polymorphic

Answer 4

gene with 2 or ore alleles, or non-coding piece of DNA that shows variation in sequence

Question 5

what does evolution cause?

Answer 5

allele and genotype frequencies changing over the course of generations

Question 6

Hardy-Weinberg Equation is used for?

Answer 6

to define a relationship between allele or gene frequencies/ to determine if a population is evolving

Question 7

different allele frequencies are seen in

Answer 7

populations

Question 8

conditions that needs to be met to be able to use the Hardy-Weinberg Equation

Answer 8

no selection, no mutation, no migration, large population, random mating

Question 9

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equation

Answer 9

(p^2)+2pq+(q^2)=1

Question 10

what does microevolution do

Answer 10

changes a population’s gene pool from generation to generation

Question 11

what does microevolution do

Answer 11

changes in a population’s gene pool from generation to generation

Question 12

what is microevolution driven by?

Answer 12

mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, migration, nonrandom mating

Question 13

directional selection

Answer 13

favors survival of one extreme phenotype which is better adapted to an environmental condition

Question 14

balancing selection

Answer 14

favors maintenance of 2 or more alleles, population isn’t evolving toward either allele

Question 15

disruptive selection

Answer 15

favors survival of 2 or more genotypes with DIFFERENT phenotypes, caused by fitness for a genotype to vary in different environments

Question 16

stabilizing selection

Answer 16

favors survival of individuals with intermediate phenotypes, extreme phenotypes selected against

Question 17

decreases diversity of alleles for a particular gene

Answer 17

stabilizing selection

Question 18

genetic drift

Answer 18

random changes in allele frequencies due to chance

Question 19

founder effect

Answer 19

migration of only a few individuals to establish a new local population

Question 20

bottleneck effect

Answer 20

dramatic reduction in population size, population is re-establish by only a few individuals

Question 21

gene flow

Answer 21

individuals migrate between populations with different allele frequencies

Question 22

conglomerate

Answer 22

population that gains the migrants

Question 23

non-random mating

Answer 23

individuals do not pick mates randomly, they pick mates based on phenotype

Question 24

population

Answer 24

a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same region and can breed with each other

Question 25

how is directional selection initiated

Answer 25

due to a new allele in a population and change in environment

Question 26

how does migration change allelic frequencies

Answer 26

bringing in more copies of an allele already in the population or by bringing in a new allele that has arisen by mutation