Developmental Genetics

Question 1

3 ways main cellular development occurs

Answer 1

specification, determination and differentiation

Question 2

Specification

Answer 2

is the first cues that confer spatial distinct identity, capable of differentiating autonomously (reversible)

Question 3

determination

Answer 3

time-point when a specific developmental fate becomes fixed

Question 4

Differentiation of a cell

Answer 4

process by which a cell achieves final form and function

Question 5

meristem

Answer 5

a group of undifferentiated cells in a plant

Question 6

What are the MADS-box genes

Answer 6

they are genes involved in controlling all major aspects of development organs , encode transcription factors in eukaryotic organisms

Question 7

in floral homeotic transcription factor genes, what are the 3 classes?

Answer 7

A,B,& C

Question 8

If class A is ONLY expressed, what will become of the cells

Answer 8

sepals

Question 9

If A and B are expressed TOGETHER what will be expressed

Answer 9

the petals develop

Question 10

If B and C are expressed together what is developed

Answer 10

stamens

Question 11

if c class is ONLY expressed what will only develop

Answer 11

carpel

Question 12

what happened if we remove expression of one of the class types of the gene?

Answer 12

The development of the removed expression will not be expressed on the flower

Question 13

4 components of the flower outer to inner

Answer 13

sepal, petal, stamen, carpel

Question 14

the two different sets of genes controlling embryonic development in Drosophila (fruit fly) and where they come form

Answer 14

maternal-effect gene- from mother

zygotic genes- made in zygote

Question 15

maternal-effect genes expressed by the mother placing what in egg and what it does?

Answer 15

it places mRNA and protein products in egg.

it encodes proteins that regulate gene expression and forms the anterior/posterior group gradients

Question 16

what is the transcriptional hierarchy development in order

Answer 16

formation of anterior/posterior group
zygotic genes then segregate into the gap, pair-rule and segment polarity genes. Finally homeotic gene segments are created and differentiation occurs

Question 17

the two types of zygotic genes

Answer 17

segmentation genes and the homeotic selector

Question 18

what do the segmentation genes do and what are the 3 classes

Answer 18

3: gap, pair-rule and segment polarities

they divide embryo into segments and defines the #, size and polarity of each segment

Question 19

What is the homeotic selector

Answer 19

the are genes that specify the fate of each segment, they activate the genes to make a specific body part determine what segment becomes what

Question 20

gap gene mutation

Answer 20

deleted “gaps” in the segmentation pattern

Question 21

pair-rule mutations

Answer 21

every other segment deleted

Question 22

segment polarity mutations

Answer 22

defects in one side of each segment

Question 23

combination of maternal-effect and gap proteins control what

Answer 23

an individual pair rule stripe formation

Question 24

once segment position information is established what is then expressed and what does it do?

Answer 24

the homeotic gene (HOX) is expressed this indicated what the segment will differentiate into

Question 25

what do transcriptional networks do

Answer 25

they regulate development by generating patterns of gene expression

Question 26

how do the transcriptional networks work?

Answer 26

they regulate development by generating patterns of gene expression

Question 27

what is key in transcriptional networks

Answer 27

cis-regulatory elements

Question 28

what activated the cascade of genes

Answer 28

transcription factors

Question 29

what is the cascade factor

Answer 29

a factor at one level regulating many at the next