Developmental Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

3 ways main cellular development occurs

A

specification, determination and differentiation

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2
Q

Specification

A

is the first cues that confer spatial distinct identity, capable of differentiating autonomously (reversible)

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3
Q

determination

A

time-point when a specific developmental fate becomes fixed

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4
Q

Differentiation of a cell

A

process by which a cell achieves final form and function

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5
Q

meristem

A

a group of undifferentiated cells in a plant

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6
Q

What are the MADS-box genes

A

they are genes involved in controlling all major aspects of development organs , encode transcription factors in eukaryotic organisms

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7
Q

in floral homeotic transcription factor genes, what are the 3 classes?

A

A,B,& C

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8
Q

If class A is ONLY expressed, what will become of the cells

A

sepals

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9
Q

If A and B are expressed TOGETHER what will be expressed

A

the petals develop

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10
Q

If B and C are expressed together what is developed

A

stamens

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11
Q

if c class is ONLY expressed what will only develop

A

carpel

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12
Q

what happened if we remove expression of one of the class types of the gene?

A

The development of the removed expression will not be expressed on the flower

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13
Q

4 components of the flower outer to inner

A

sepal, petal, stamen, carpel

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14
Q

the two different sets of genes controlling embryonic development in Drosophila (fruit fly) and where they come form

A

maternal-effect gene- from mother

zygotic genes- made in zygote

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15
Q

maternal-effect genes expressed by the mother placing what in egg and what it does?

A

it places mRNA and protein products in egg.

it encodes proteins that regulate gene expression and forms the anterior/posterior group gradients

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16
Q

what is the transcriptional hierarchy development in order

A

formation of anterior/posterior group
zygotic genes then segregate into the gap, pair-rule and segment polarity genes. Finally homeotic gene segments are created and differentiation occurs

17
Q

the two types of zygotic genes

A

segmentation genes and the homeotic selector

18
Q

what do the segmentation genes do and what are the 3 classes

A

3: gap, pair-rule and segment polarities

they divide embryo into segments and defines the #, size and polarity of each segment

19
Q

What is the homeotic selector

A

the are genes that specify the fate of each segment, they activate the genes to make a specific body part determine what segment becomes what

20
Q

gap gene mutation

A

deleted “gaps” in the segmentation pattern

21
Q

pair-rule mutations

A

every other segment deleted

22
Q

segment polarity mutations

A

defects in one side of each segment

23
Q

combination of maternal-effect and gap proteins control what

A

an individual pair rule stripe formation

24
Q

once segment position information is established what is then expressed and what does it do?

A

the homeotic gene (HOX) is expressed this indicated what the segment will differentiate into

25
Q

what do transcriptional networks do

A

they regulate development by generating patterns of gene expression

26
Q

how do the transcriptional networks work?

A

they regulate development by generating patterns of gene expression

27
Q

what is key in transcriptional networks

A

cis-regulatory elements

28
Q

what activated the cascade of genes

A

transcription factors

29
Q

what is the cascade factor

A

a factor at one level regulating many at the next