Pnemonia Flashcards
Define Pnemonia
Inflammatory condition causing abnormal alveolar, filling of consolidation and exudate restricting O2 diffusion due to an infection.
What percentage of deaths per year in the UK are caused by pneumonia?
5%
Describe the pathology of pnemonia
Inflammation results in migration of the neutrophils from the capillaries into the alveoli causing phagocytosis meaning antimicrobial enzymes and inhibitors are released casing more inflammation and oedema
Name the four stages of pneumonia
Congestion
Red Hepitization
Gray Hepitization
Resolution
In which phase is the exudate either digested by WBC or coughed up?
Resolution
In which phase does the lung become heavy, red and boggy?
Congestion
In which phase do RBC, WBC and fibrin fill the alveoli?
Red Hepitization
In which phase do the RBC disintegrate but alveoli still full of fibrin?
Gray Hepitization
Name four causes of pnemonia
Bacteria Virus Fungi Inhalation (smoke) Chemical inhalation Parasites Aspiration (food, vomit)
Name the four classifications of pnemonia
Community acquired
Hospital acquired
Ventilator associated
Health care associated
Name 10 signs and symptoms of pnemonia
SOB Loss of appetite Fatigue Fever Muscle ache Cough Coughing blood Wheezing Chest pains Tactile Fremitus Rapid HR Confusion Diarrhoea Nausea
Name five methods of diagnosis
CXR Sputum culture Pleural fluid culture Temp above 38 HR above 100 Crackles Blood test CT scan Decreased sound of breathing Bronchial breath sound
Name four ways of medical management
Antibiotics O2 IV fluids Rest Vaccinating Analgesics Cough suppressant meds Fever reducing meds
Name five potential physio treatments
Maximise breathing pattern Relaxed breathing VQ match Mobilisation Sputum clearance
