plural disease

Question 1

space info

Answer 1

real space, surrounds lung (except roots), 20ml fluid,

Question 2

layers

Answer 2

mesothelial, sub mesothelial CT, superficial elastic, loose subdural CT, deep fibroelastic Ct

Question 3

blood supply parietal

Answer 3

both systemic

Question 4

blood supply visceral

Answer 4

arterial=systemic, venous=pulmonary . DIFF PRESSURES

Question 5

lymphatics (p vs v)

Answer 5

parietal: istoma, visceral: lots local

Question 6

nerves (p vs v)

Answer 6

parietal: intercostal/phrenic, visceral NO SENSORY

Question 7

physio/function

Answer 7

lubrication of lung/thoracic wall, fluid enters from parietal, leaves from stomata.lympatics

Question 8

gas exchange

Answer 8

PP pressure venous is lower than pleural space, so gas will diffuse out pleura

Question 9

mech of effusion

Answer 9

formation>clearance

Question 10

transudate path

Answer 10

starling forces (increased Pc or decreased oncotic cap), mainly parietal

Question 11

transudate examples

Answer 11

CHT, nephrotic, cirrhosis, atelectasis

Question 12

exudate path

Answer 12

capillary leakage… underlying inflammation/disease. protein leak.

Question 13

diagnostic characteristics of exudate

Answer 13

protein, LDH, low serum albumin, high cholesterol

Question 14

clic of effusion

Answer 14

dyspnea, chest pain (NOT CAUSED BY EFFUSION… caused by underlying cause)

Question 15

exam for plural effusion

Answer 15

decreased chest exclusion, tactile remits, absent breath sounds, dull/purcussion

Question 16

leading causes (list)

Answer 16

chf, hepatic hydrothorax, pneumonia, tb, malignancy, PE< chylothorax

Question 17

chf

Answer 17

most common, usually bilateral, path: pulm interstitial edema? increase hydrostatic pressure, decreased lymph clearance. Transudate, T: diuretics

Question 18

hepatic hydrothorax

Answer 18

cirrosis, fluid: trans

Question 19

pneumonia

Answer 19

fluid can be lots. small, treat pneumonia, larger treat thoracocentisis

Question 20

tb

Answer 20

acute or sub, path: hypersensitivity. fluid: exudate

Question 21

malignancy

Answer 21

lung/breast… exudate

Question 22

PE

Answer 22

75% exudate

Question 23

chylothorax

Answer 23

leaking chyle from thoracic duct (exudate)

Question 24

types of pneumothorax

Answer 24

primary (young/skinny spent) secondary (disease) trauma or iatrogenic