Plant Structure & Growth

Question 1

What are the 3 basic organs of plants?

Answer 1

• roots
• shoots
• leaves

Question 2

relies on water and minerals from roots

Answer 2

shoot system

Question 3

relies on sugar produced by photosynthesis

Answer 3

root system

Question 4

What does the stem system consist of?

Answer 4

nodes and internodes

Question 5

points at which leaves are attached

Answer 5

nodes

Question 6

stem segments between nodes

Answer 6

internodes

Question 7

near the shoot tip, causes elongation of a young shoot

Answer 7

apical bud

Question 8

forms a lateral branch, thorn, or flower

Answer 8

axillary bud

Question 9

Types of stems

Answer 9

• tubers
• rhizones
• stolons

Question 10

What is the main photosynthetic organ or most vascular plants?

Answer 10

leaves

Question 11

What are other functions of leaves?

Answer 11

• gas exchange
• dissipation of heat
• defense

Question 12

What are the parts of a leaf?

Answer 12

flattened blade and stalk

Question 13

Types of leaves

Answer 13

• spines
• tendrils
• reproductive
• storage

Question 14

What do roots do for plants?

Answer 14

• anchor the plant
• absorb minerals and water
• store carbohydrates

Question 15

Types of roots

Answer 15

• pneumatophores
• storage
• “strangling” aerial

Question 16

Tall, erect plants with large shoot masses have a ____ ____.

Answer 16

taproot system

Question 17

the main vertical root

Answer 17

taproot

Question 18

branch off the taproot

Answer 18

lateral roots

Question 19

What are the 5 main types of plant cells?

Answer 19

1.) parenchyma
2.) collenchyma
3.) sclerenchyma
4.) xylem
5.) phloem

Question 20

performs most metabolic functions

Answer 20

parenchyma

Question 21

provides flexible support without restraining growth

Answer 21

collenchyma

Question 22

specialized for support

Answer 22

sclerenchyma

Question 23

water-conducting cells

Answer 23

xylem

Question 24

______ are dead at functional maturity.

Answer 24

xylem

Question 25

long, thin cells with tapered ends that move water through pits

Answer 25

tracheids

Question 26

aligns end to end to form long micropipes

Answer 26

vessel elements

Question 27

sugar-conducting cells

Answer 27

phloem

Question 28

_____ are alive at functional maturity.

Answer 28

phloem

Question 29

Phloem have _____ _____ and ______ ______.

Answer 29

sieve cells
sieve tubes

Question 30

cells that serve themselves and sieve tubes

Answer 30

companion cells

Question 31

Sieve tubes lack ________.

Answer 31

organelles

Question 32

porous end wells that allow fluid to flow between cells

Answer 32

sieve plates

Question 33

What are the 2 types of growth of plants?

Answer 33

• apical
• lateral

Question 34

protects the apical meristem as the root pushes through soil

Answer 34

root cap

Question 35

What are the 3 zones of root growth?

Answer 35

1.) cell division
2.) elongation
3.) differentiation

Question 36

adds secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Answer 36

vascular cambium

Question 37

replaces epidermis with periderm

Answer 37

cork cambium