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Biology > Plant Structure & Growth > Flashcards

Plant Structure & Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic organs of plants?

A
  • roots
  • shoots
  • leaves
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2
Q

relies on water and minerals from roots

A

shoot system

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3
Q

relies on sugar produced by photosynthesis

A

root system

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4
Q

What does the stem system consist of?

A

nodes and internodes

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5
Q

points at which leaves are attached

A

nodes

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6
Q

stem segments between nodes

A

internodes

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7
Q

near the shoot tip, causes elongation of a young shoot

A

apical bud

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8
Q

forms a lateral branch, thorn, or flower

A

axillary bud

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9
Q

Types of stems

A
  • tubers
  • rhizones
  • stolons
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10
Q

What is the main photosynthetic organ or most vascular plants?

A

leaves

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11
Q

What are other functions of leaves?

A
  • gas exchange
  • dissipation of heat
  • defense
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12
Q

What are the parts of a leaf?

A

flattened blade and stalk

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13
Q

Types of leaves

A
  • spines
  • tendrils
  • reproductive
  • storage
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14
Q

What do roots do for plants?

A
  • anchor the plant
  • absorb minerals and water
  • store carbohydrates
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15
Q

Types of roots

A
  • pneumatophores
  • storage
  • “strangling” aerial
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16
Q

Tall, erect plants with large shoot masses have a ____ ____.

A

taproot system

17
Q

the main vertical root

18
Q

branch off the taproot

A

lateral roots

19
Q

What are the 5 main types of plant cells?

A

1.) parenchyma
2.) collenchyma
3.) sclerenchyma
4.) xylem
5.) phloem

20
Q

performs most metabolic functions

A

parenchyma

21
Q

provides flexible support without restraining growth

A

collenchyma

22
Q

specialized for support

A

sclerenchyma

23
Q

water-conducting cells

24
Q

______ are dead at functional maturity.

25
Q

long, thin cells with tapered ends that move water through pits

26
Q

aligns end to end to form long micropipes

A

vessel elements

27
Q

sugar-conducting cells

28
Q

_____ are alive at functional maturity.

29
Q

Phloem have _____ _____ and ______ ______.

A

sieve cells
sieve tubes

30
Q

cells that serve themselves and sieve tubes

A

companion cells

31
Q

Sieve tubes lack ________.

A

organelles

32
Q

porous end wells that allow fluid to flow between cells

A

sieve plates

33
Q

What are the 2 types of growth of plants?

A
  • apical
  • lateral
34
Q

protects the apical meristem as the root pushes through soil

35
Q

What are the 3 zones of root growth?

A

1.) cell division
2.) elongation
3.) differentiation

36
Q

adds secondary xylem and secondary phloem

A

vascular cambium

37
Q

replaces epidermis with periderm

A

cork cambium

Biology (21 decks)

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