Origin & Diversification of Prokaryotes

Question 1

not living

Answer 1

abiotic

Question 2

Synthesis of simplistic cells

Answer 2

1.) abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules
2.) small organic molecules join into macromolecules
3.) packed into protocells
4.) origin of self-replicating molecules

Question 3

membrane-bound droplets that maintain a consistent internal chemistry

Answer 3

protocells

Question 4

Where can prokaryotes thrive?

Answer 4

almost everywhere

Question 5

What are the major differences of prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

Answer 5

• no nucleus
• lack organelles
• 1 circular chromosome
• 0-5 um
• unicellular
• binary fission

Question 6

What are the major difference of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Answer 6

• has a nucleus
• membrane-bound organelles
• less than 1 linear chromosome
• 10-100 um
• mostly unicellular
• sexual reproduction

Question 7

What are the key features of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

• lack internal compartmentalization
• structures help them adhere to each other, substrates, & important molecules
• many can move around
• specialized membranes that perform metabolic functions
• small genome
• reproduce by binary fission

Question 8

cell incorporates DNA from the surrounding environment

Answer 8

transformation

Question 9

movement of genes between bacteria by viruses

Answer 9

transduction

Question 10

genetic material is transferred between temporary joined cells

Answer 10

conjugation

Question 11

when genes are mixed between species

Answer 11

horizontal gene transfer

Question 12

live in extreme environments

Answer 12

extremophiles

Question 13

organisms that live in very hot environments

Answer 13

thermophiles

Question 14

organisms that live in highly saline environments

Answer 14

halophiles

Question 15

conversion of carbon molecules into organic matter

Answer 15

chemosynthesis

Question 16

What does Archaea produce as a waste?

Answer 16

methane

Question 17

Where do Archaea live?

Answer 17

swamps, marshes, guts of cattle, hydrothermal vents

Question 18

What can Archaea not withstand?

Answer 18

oxygen exposure

Question 19

two species living in close contact

Answer 19

symbiosis

Question 20

both symbiotic organisms benefit

Answer 20

mutualism

Question 21

one organism benefits , other isn’t harmed or helped

Answer 21

commensalism

Question 22

one organism harms but doesn’t kill the host

Answer 22

parasitism

Question 23

Prokaryotes cause approximately half of all ____ ____.

Answer 23

human diseases

Question 24

Prokaryotes recycle chemicals between _____ & ______ parts of ecosystems.

Answer 24

living; non-living

Question 25

Prokaryotes can increase or decrease available ____, ____, & ___ in the biosphere.

Answer 25

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

Question 26

How have prokaryotes affected research and technology?

Answer 26

• advances in DNA technology
• bacteria used to make natural plastics
• bacteria engineered to produce vitamins, antibiotics, and hormones
• bacteria engineered to produce ethanol from waste
• principal agents in bioremediation

Question 27

use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment

Answer 27

bioremediation