Microevolution

Question 1

localized group of interbreeding individuals that can produce offspring

Answer 1

population

Question 2

specific site within the genome

Answer 2

locus

Question 3

all the alleles in a population

Answer 3

gene pool

Question 4

the set of alleles of an organism has a given locus

Answer 4

genotype

Question 5

observable physical traits of an organisms, product of genotype and environment

Answer 5

phenotype

Question 6

change in one or few nucleotide bases of a gene

Answer 6

point mutation

Question 7

addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene

Answer 7

insertion

Question 8

loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene

Answer 8

deletion

Question 9

alteration of gene number or gene position

Answer 9

chromosomal mutation

Question 10

genes that can take on a new function by further mutation

Answer 10

duplicated genes

Question 11

the movement of alleles among populations transferred via fertile individuals or gametes

Answer 11

gene flow

Question 12

random fluctuation of allele frequencies between generations

Answer 12

genetic drift

Question 13

a drastic reduction in population size

Answer 13

bottleneck effect

Question 14

when a new population is started with just a few individuals

Answer 14

founder effect

Question 15

an individual’s contribution to the gene pool ‘relative’ to the contributions of others

Answer 15

relative fitness

Question 16

individuals at one end of the phenotypic range have greater relative fitness

Answer 16

directional selection

Question 17

individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range have greater relative fitness

Answer 17

disruptive selection

Question 18

individuals with intermediate phenotypes have greater relative fitness

Answer 18

stabilizing selection

Question 19

What does the Hardy-Weinburg principle say?

Answer 19

If a population is not evolving, then frequencies of alleles and genotypes remain constant from generation to generation.

Question 20

What is the equation for the Hardy-Weinburg principle?

Answer 20

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 21

What are the 5 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinburg principle?

Answer 21

No mutation, random mating, gene flow, extremely large population size, and no natural selection

Question 22

What causes microevolution?

Answer 22

mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection

Question 23

_____ is the only force that can cause adaptive evolution.

Answer 23

Natural selection

Question 24

_____ is the source of all genetic variation.

Answer 24

Mutation

Question 25

Which mechanism reduces genetic differences between populations and can increase or decrease a population’s fitness?

Answer 25

gene flow

Question 26

Which mechanism reduces genetic variation with populations but increases genetic diversity between populations, being strongest in small populations?

Answer 26

genetic drift