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Biology > Origin and Diversity of Vertebrates > Flashcards

Origin and Diversity of Vertebrates Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When did the first vertebrates arise?

A

500 million years ago

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2
Q

soft-bodied, jawless, eel-like, hunted by impaling prey on a set of barbed hooks in their mouth

A

conodonts

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3
Q

What are the 2 extant lineages of jawless vertebrates?

A

hagfishes and lampreys

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4
Q

What are the 3 surviving lineages of gnathostomes?

A

chondrichthyans, ray-finned fishes, lobe-fins

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5
Q

What class are sharks and rays in?

A

condrichthyans

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6
Q

What class are clownfish, blobfish, lionfish, and all ray-finned fishes in?

A

actinopterygians

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7
Q

What are the 3 lineages of sarcopterygians?

A

coelancanths, lungfishes, tetrapods

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8
Q

terrestrial vertebrates with limbs and digits

A

tetrapods

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9
Q

What characteristics do fish have?

A

fins, gills, lungs, and scales

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10
Q

What characteristics do tetrapods have?

A

ribs, neck, shoulders, pectoral fins, specific bone pattern

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11
Q

What type of areas are amphibians restricted to?

A

moist areas

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12
Q

repitles and mammals

A

amniotes

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13
Q

contains membranes that protect the emrbyo

A

amniotic egg

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14
Q

extra embryonic membranes

A

amnion, chorion, yolk sack, allantois

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15
Q

What are the 2 clades of amniotes?

A

reptiles and mammals

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16
Q

absorb external heat as the main source of body heat

A

ectothermic

17
Q

keep warm through metabolism

A

endothermic

18
Q

What are some distinctive traits of mammals?

A
  • mammary glands to produce milk
  • hair
  • fat layer
  • high metabolic rate
  • differentiated teeth
19
Q

What are the 3 living lineages of mammals?

A

monotremes, marsupials, eutherians

20
Q

What features distinguish humans?

A
  • upright posture
  • bipedal locomotion
  • larger brains
  • language
  • symbolic thought
  • artistic expression
  • use of complex tools

Biology (21 decks)

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