Foundations of Evolution

Question 1

0change in the genetic composition of a population from one generation to the next

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

nucleic acid molecule containing all the inherited DNA

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

DNA sequence that encodes a protein or directs cell development

Answer 3

gene

Question 4

a cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule

Answer 4

chromosome

Question 5

the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Answer 5

gene expression

Question 6

nucleic acid molecule containing only DNA that can be translated

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

synthesis of RNA from DNA

Answer 7

transcription

Question 8

synthesis of a protein from RNA

Answer 8

translation

Question 9

polypeptide macromolecule that make up/maintains tissue

Answer 9

protein

Question 10

process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other because of those traits

Answer 10

natural selection

Question 11

inherited characteristic of an organisms that enhances its survival or reproduction

Answer 11

adaptation

Question 12

evolutionary process of one species splitting into two or more

Answer 12

speciation

Question 13

Who believed species were fixed, perfect, and permanent?

Answer 13

Aristotle

Question 14

Who believed the similarities among species was due to the pattern of creation by God?

Answer 14

Linnaeus

Question 15

Who believed that geological change is quick and catastrophic and that species go extinct, but don’t evolve?

Answer 15

Cuvier

Question 16

Who believed that geological features can be explained by gradual processes, including those operating today?

Answer 16

Hutton & Lyell

Question 17

Who believed species evolved?

Answer 17

Lamarck, Darwin, & Wallace

Question 18

What was Darwin’s hypothesis?

Answer 18

Adaptation to the environment and speciation are closely related

Question 19

What 3 broad observations does natural selection explain?

Answer 19

Unity of life, diversity of life, and the match between organisms and their environment

Question 20

What were the two points Darwin made in his book, “The Origin of Species?”

Answer 20

Evolution and natural selection

Question 21

There is _____ among individuals in phenotypic traits.

Answer 21

variation

Question 22

Much of the variation in organisms is _____.

Answer 22

heritable

Question 23

When species produce more offspring than the environment can support, _____ is inevitable.

Answer 23

competition

Question 24

Over time, advantageous traits will increase in frequency in a population and _____ will occur.

Answer 24

evolution

Question 25

What are some examples of evidence supporting the theory of evolution?

Answer 25

fossil records, homology, biogeography, direct observations