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Biology > Ecology & Diversity of Fungi > Flashcards

Ecology & Diversity of Fungi Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which are fungi more closely related to: plants or animals?

A

animals

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2
Q

How do fungi feed?

A

absorption

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3
Q

What is the morphology of most fungi?

A

single-celled OR multicellular and filamentous

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4
Q

single celled fungi

A

yeasts

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5
Q

What do multicellular fungi consist of?

A

mycelia

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6
Q

networks of branched hyphae

A

mycelia

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7
Q

tiny tubular filaments adapted for absorption

A

hyphae

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8
Q

interwoven mass of hyphae

A

mycelium

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9
Q

____ infiltrate the material the fungus is feeding on

A

mycelia

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10
Q

The structure of fungi ____ its surface-area-to-volume ratio.

A

maximizes

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11
Q

How can fungi reproduce?

A

asexually AND sexually

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12
Q

How do molds reproduce and what do they reproduce?

A

asexually; haploid spores

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13
Q

How do yeasts reproduce and what do they reproduce?

A

asexually; cell division

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14
Q

the fusion of cytoplasms of 2 parent mycelia cells

A

plasmogamy

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15
Q

a multinucleate cell that contains genetically different nuclei

A

heterokaryotic

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16
Q

fusion of haploid nuclei from the 2 parent mycelia cells

A

karyogamy

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17
Q

What are the 5 major groups of fungi?

A

1.) Chytrids
2.) Zygomycetes
3.) Glomeromycetes
4.) Ascomycetes
5.) Basidiomycetes

18
Q

Which of the 5 groups of fungi contain the most types of fungi?

A

Ascomycetes

19
Q

Where are chytrids found?

A

freshwater and terrestrial habitats

20
Q

Which group of fungi was thought to have diverged early in fungal evolution?

A

chytrids

21
Q

Which group contains fast-growing molds?

A

zygomycetes

22
Q

Which group of fungi would you see mold growing on bread, fruits, and in jelly?

A

zygomycetes

23
Q

Which group of fungi forms arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots?

A

glomeromycetes

24
Q

80% of plants have a mutualistic relationship with ______.

A

glomeromycetes

25
Q

Which group is considered to have “sack fungi”

A

ascomycetes

26
Q

Where do ascomycetes fungi live?

A

marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats

27
Q

What are the fruiting bodies of ascomycetes called?

A

ascocarps

28
Q

How do humans use ascomycetes fungi in everyday life?

A
  • mushrooms
  • truffles
  • cheese
  • antibiotics
  • bread
  • alcohol
29
Q

Which group has the classic idea of mushrooms?

A

basidiomycetes

30
Q

fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes

A

mushrooms

31
Q

Approx. ____% of fungi are parasites or pathogens.

A

30%

32
Q

What are some examples of pathogens in plants?

A
  • corn smut
  • tar spots on leaves
  • ergots
33
Q

What is an example of pathogens in animals?

A
  • chytrid fungus killing amphibians worldwide
34
Q

fungi that form mutually beneficial relationships with plants

A

mycorrhizae

35
Q

What can improve absorption of minerals in plant roots?

A

mycorrhizae

36
Q

specialized hypha that allows fungi to extract or exchange nutrients with plant hosts

A

haustroia

37
Q

live inside leaves or other plant parts

A

endophytes

38
Q

How do endophytes help plants?

A
  • maxe toxins that deter herbivores
  • defend against pathogens
39
Q

Endophytes can increase the host plant’s tolerance to:

A
  • heat
  • drought
  • heavy metals
40
Q

symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus

A

lichen

41
Q

Which type of fungi affect the formation of soil?

A

lichen

42
Q

How do fungi affect the planet?

A
  • break down dead organisms
  • return nutrients to the physical environment
  • fungal nutrients can provide nutrients and/or protection
  • lichen affect soil formation

Biology (21 decks)

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