Ecology & Diversity of Fungi Flashcards
Which are fungi more closely related to: plants or animals?
animals
How do fungi feed?
absorption
What is the morphology of most fungi?
single-celled OR multicellular and filamentous
single celled fungi
yeasts
What do multicellular fungi consist of?
mycelia
networks of branched hyphae
mycelia
tiny tubular filaments adapted for absorption
hyphae
interwoven mass of hyphae
mycelium
____ infiltrate the material the fungus is feeding on
mycelia
The structure of fungi ____ its surface-area-to-volume ratio.
maximizes
How can fungi reproduce?
asexually AND sexually
How do molds reproduce and what do they reproduce?
asexually; haploid spores
How do yeasts reproduce and what do they reproduce?
asexually; cell division
the fusion of cytoplasms of 2 parent mycelia cells
plasmogamy
a multinucleate cell that contains genetically different nuclei
heterokaryotic
fusion of haploid nuclei from the 2 parent mycelia cells
karyogamy
What are the 5 major groups of fungi?
1.) Chytrids
2.) Zygomycetes
3.) Glomeromycetes
4.) Ascomycetes
5.) Basidiomycetes
Which of the 5 groups of fungi contain the most types of fungi?
Ascomycetes
Where are chytrids found?
freshwater and terrestrial habitats
Which group of fungi was thought to have diverged early in fungal evolution?
chytrids
Which group contains fast-growing molds?
zygomycetes
Which group of fungi would you see mold growing on bread, fruits, and in jelly?
zygomycetes
Which group of fungi forms arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots?
glomeromycetes
80% of plants have a mutualistic relationship with ______.
glomeromycetes
Which group is considered to have “sack fungi”
ascomycetes
Where do ascomycetes fungi live?
marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats
What are the fruiting bodies of ascomycetes called?
ascocarps
How do humans use ascomycetes fungi in everyday life?
- mushrooms
- truffles
- cheese
- antibiotics
- bread
- alcohol
Which group has the classic idea of mushrooms?
basidiomycetes
fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes
mushrooms
Approx. ____% of fungi are parasites or pathogens.
30%
What are some examples of pathogens in plants?
- corn smut
- tar spots on leaves
- ergots
What is an example of pathogens in animals?
- chytrid fungus killing amphibians worldwide
fungi that form mutually beneficial relationships with plants
mycorrhizae
What can improve absorption of minerals in plant roots?
mycorrhizae
specialized hypha that allows fungi to extract or exchange nutrients with plant hosts
haustroia
live inside leaves or other plant parts
endophytes
How do endophytes help plants?
- maxe toxins that deter herbivores
- defend against pathogens
Endophytes can increase the host plant’s tolerance to:
- heat
- drought
- heavy metals
symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus
lichen
Which type of fungi affect the formation of soil?
lichen
How do fungi affect the planet?
- break down dead organisms
- return nutrients to the physical environment
- fungal nutrients can provide nutrients and/or protection
- lichen affect soil formation
