Animal Movement, Support, & Perception

Question 1

muscles contract by the thick and thin filaments sliding past each other

Answer 1

siding-filaments model

Question 2

thick filaments

Answer 2

myosin

Question 3

thin filaments

Answer 3

actin

Question 4

In what kind of pairs are skeletal muscles attached?

Answer 4

antagonistic

Question 5

What are some key features of hydrostatic skeletons?

Answer 5

• lack hard parts
• fluid under pressure in a closed body compartment

Question 6

movements on land produced by rhythmic waves of muscle contractions

Answer 6

peristalsis

Question 7

What are some key features of exoskeletons?

Answer 7

• external hard parts
• hard encasement deposited on the body surface

Question 8

jointed exoskeleton

Answer 8

cuticle

Question 9

shedding of an exoskeleton to allow for growth

Answer 9

molting

Question 10

What are some key features of endoskeletons?

Answer 10

• hard internal skeleton buried in soft tissue
• found in organisms from sponges to mammals
• some bones are fused, other are connected by ligaments at the joints

Question 11

cell, organ, or structure that detects stimuli

Answer 11

sensory receptors

Question 12

How do ion channels behave in sensory receptors?

Answer 12

open andclose

Question 13

conversion of stimulus to a change in the membrane potential of a receptor

Answer 13

transduction

Question 14

What affects the response of an action potential?

Answer 14

intensity

Question 15

______ occurs after information is decoded in the CNS.

Answer 15

sensation

Question 16

responsible for olfaction and gustation

Answer 16

chemoreceptors

Question 17

smell

Answer 17

oflaction

Question 18

taste

Answer 18

gustation

Question 19

5 types of gustation

Answer 19

• sweet
• salty
• better
• umami
• sour

Question 20

detect heat and cold

Answer 20

thermoreceptors

Question 21

detect stimuli that could damage tissues

Answer 21

pain receptors

Question 22

______ worsens pain by increasing receptor sensitivity

Answer 22

prostaglandins

Question 23

_______ and _______ reduce pain by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins

Answer 23

aspirin; ibuprofen

Question 24

____ triggers both pain and thermoreceptors

Answer 24

capsacin

Question 25

responsible for hearing and balance

Answer 25

mechanoreceptors

Question 26

What are the types of mechanical energy?

Answer 26

• pressure
• touch
• stretch
• motion
• sound

Question 27

What are mechanoreceptors associated with?

Answer 27

structures outside the cell or internal structures

Question 28

detect settling particles or moving fluids

Answer 28

hearing and equilibrium

Question 29

How does most invertebrates sense gravity?

Answer 29

statocysts and sound

Question 30

detect light, electricity, and magnetism

Answer 30

electromagnetic receptors

Question 31

consist of few to several thousand light detectors

Answer 31

compound eyes

Question 32

light detectors

Answer 32

ommatidia

Question 33

What type of eyes do all vertebrates and some jellyfish, polychaetes, spiders, and many molluscs have?

Answer 33

single-lens

Question 34

cells that contain light-absorbing pigment molecules

Answer 34

photoreceptors